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A NOVEL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR EVOLUTIONARY AGING THEORIES
Autor
Afiliación
Advanced Science Institute. Heddle Initiative Research Unit. Wako, Saitama, Japan / Nagasaki University. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. Department of Investigative Pathology. Nagasaki, Japan / Tokyo Metropolitan University. Department of Biological Sciences. Hachioji, Tokyo, Japanh.
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Biological Sciences. Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Veiga de Almeida. Centro de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Tecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Morfologia. Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
Advanced Science Institute. Heddle Initiative Research Unit. Wako, Saitama, Japan
Tokyo Metropolitan University, Department of Biological Sciences. Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan,
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Veiga de Almeida. Centro de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Tecnologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Morfologia. Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
Advanced Science Institute. Heddle Initiative Research Unit. Wako, Saitama, Japan
Resumen en ingles
Theories of lifespan evolution are a source of confusion amongst aging researchers. After a century of aging research the dispute over whether the aging process is active or passive persists and a comprehensive and universally accepted theoretical model remains elusive. Evolutionary aging theories primarily dispute whether the aging process is exclusively adapted to favor the kin or exclusively non-adapted to favor the individual. Interestingly, contradictory data and theories supporting both exclusively programmed and exclusively non-programmed theories continue to grow. However, this is a false dichotomy; natural selection favors traits resulting in efficient reproduction whether they benefit the individual or the kin. Thus, to understand the evolution of aging, first we must understand the environment-dependent balance between the advantages and disadvantages of extended lifespan in the process of spreading genes. As described by distinct theories, different niches and environmental conditions confer on extended lifespan a range of fitness values varying from highly beneficial to highly detrimental. Here, we considered the range of fitness values for extended lifespan and develop a fitness-based framework for categorizing existing theories. We show that all theories can be classified into four basic types: secondary (beneficial), maladaptive (neutral), assisted death (detrimental), and senemorphic aging (varying between beneficial to detrimental). We anticipate that this classification system will assist with understanding and interpreting aging/death by providing a way of considering theories as members of one of these classes rather than consideration of their individual details.
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