This research our experience of non-immunologic hydrops fetalis (NIHF) based on 86 autopsies done in the Instituto Fernandes Figueira (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Of 3111 paediatric autopsies performed during 1954-1992, 86 cases of non-immulogic hydrops fetalis (NIHF) were reviewed. Cases were identified as HF when generalized oedema and cavity effusions were present. Family history, complications of pregnancy and delivery, blood typing of both mother and infant, Coomb's test, serological examination for syphilis, toxoplasmosis and other laboratory tests were recorded. Postmortem roentgenograms and chromosomal analysis were also occasionally made. Placentas were available for pathological examination in all cases. During the same period 12 cases of immunologic hydrops (Rh immunization)also were autopsied.