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VECTOR-BORNE TRANSMISSION AND EVOLUTION OF ZIKA VIRUS
Author
Affilliation
PAHO-WHO Collaborating Center for Dengue and its Control. Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí. Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference. Department of Vector Control. Havana, Cuba.
PAHO-WHO Collaborating Center for Dengue and its Control. Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí. Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference. Department of Vector Control. Havana, Cuba.
PAHO-WHO Collaborating Center for Dengue and its Control. Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí. Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference. Department of Vector Control. Havana, Cuba.
PAHO-WHO Collaborating Center for Dengue and its Control. Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí. Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference. Department of Vector Control. Havana, Cuba.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Galveston, TX, USA.
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Pathology. Galveston, TX, USA.
Institute Pasteur of Guadeloupe. Unit Transmission Reservoir and Pathogen Diversity. Laboratory of Vector Control Research. Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France.
PAHO-WHO Collaborating Center for Dengue and its Control. Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí. Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference. Department of Vector Control. Havana, Cuba.
PAHO-WHO Collaborating Center for Dengue and its Control. Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí. Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference. Department of Vector Control. Havana, Cuba.
PAHO-WHO Collaborating Center for Dengue and its Control. Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kourí. Center for Research, Diagnostic and Reference. Department of Vector Control. Havana, Cuba.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Galveston, TX, USA.
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Pathology. Galveston, TX, USA.
Institute Pasteur of Guadeloupe. Unit Transmission Reservoir and Pathogen Diversity. Laboratory of Vector Control Research. Les Abymes, Guadeloupe, France.
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), discovered in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947, is a mosquito-borne flavivirus related to yellow fever, dengue
and West Nile viruses. From its discovery until 2007, only sporadic ZIKV cases were reported, with mild clinical manifestations
in patients. Therefore, little attention was given to this virus before epidemics in the South Pacific and the Americas that began
in 2013. Despite a growing number of ZIKV studies in the past three years, many aspects of the virus remain poorly characterized,
particularly the spectrum of species involved in its transmission cycles. Here, we review the mosquito and vertebrate host
species potentially involved in ZIKV vector-borne transmission worldwide. We also provide an evidence-supported analysis
regarding the possibility of ZIKV spillback from an urban cycle to a zoonotic cycle outside Africa, and we review hypotheses
regarding recent emergence and evolution of ZIKV. Finally, we identify critical remaining gaps in the current knowledge of ZIKV
vector-borne transmission.
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