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2035-01-01
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THE IMMUNOLOGY OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX MALARIA
Autor
Afiliación
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Section of Infectious Diseases. Department of Internal Medicine. Yale School of Medicine. New Haven, CT, USA.
Division of Infectious Disease and immunology. Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA.
Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. Departamento de Parasitologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Division of Infectious Disease and immunology. Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Plataforma de Medicina Translacional. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Section of Infectious Diseases. Department of Internal Medicine. Yale School of Medicine. New Haven, CT, USA.
Division of Infectious Disease and immunology. Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA.
Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. Departamento de Parasitologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Division of Infectious Disease and immunology. Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, MA, USA / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Plataforma de Medicina Translacional. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
Resumen en ingles
Plasmodium vivax infection, the predominant cause of malaria in Asia and Latin America, affects 14 million individuals annually, with considerable adverse effects on wellbeing and socioeconomic development. A clinical hallmark of Plasmodium in‐ fection, the paroxysm, is driven by pyrogenic cytokines produced during the immune response. Here, we review studies on the role of specific immune cell types, cognate innate immune receptors, and inflammatory cytokines on parasite control and dis‐ ease symptoms. This review also summarizes studies on recurrent infections in indi‐ viduals living in endemic regions as well as asymptomatic infections, a serious barrier to eliminating this disease. We propose potential mechanisms behind these repeated and subclinical infections, such as poor induction of immunological memory cells and inefficient T effector cells. We address the role of antibody‐mediated resistance to P. vivax infection and discuss current progress in vaccine development. Finally, we re‐ view immunoregulatory mechanisms, such as inhibitory receptors, T regulatory cells, and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine, IL‐10, that antagonizes both innate and acquired immune responses, interfering with the development of protective immunity and parasite clearance. These studies provide new insights for the clinical management of symptomatic as well as asymptomatic individuals and the development of an ef‐ ficacious vaccine for vivax malaria
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