Author | Szwarcwald, Celia Landmann | |
Author | Boccolini, Cristiano Siqueira | |
Author | Almeida, Wanessa da Silva de | |
Author | Soares Filho, Adauto Martins | |
Author | Malta, Deborah Carvalho | |
Access date | 2023-01-05T00:20:51Z | |
Available date | 2023-01-05T00:20:51Z | |
Document date | 2022 | |
Citation | SZWARCWALD, Célia Landmann et al. COVID-19 mortality in Brazil, 2020-21: consequences of the pandemic inadequate management. Archives of Public Health, v. 80, p. 1-9, 2022. | en_US |
ISSN | 2049-3258 | |
URI | https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/56328 | |
Sponsorship | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Nacional Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [Grant ID INV 027961]. FIOCRUZ program to foster innovation – Knowledge generation – Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic – Strategic orders [VPPCB-005-FIO-20-2-23]. | en_US |
Language | eng | en_US |
Publisher | BMC | en_US |
Rights | open access | en_US |
Title | COVID-19 mortality in Brazil, 2020-21: consequences of the pandemic inadequate management | en_US |
Type | Article | en_US |
DOI | 10.1186/s13690-022-01012-z | |
Abstract | Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought countless challenges to public health and highlighted the Brazilian health system vulnerabilities in facing the emergency. In this article, we analyze data on COVID-19-related deaths in 2020-21 to show the epidemic consequences in Brazil. Methods: The Mortality Information System and the Live Birth Information System were the primary information sources. We used population estimates in 2020-21 to calculate COVID-19 specific mortality rates by age, sex, and educational level. Considering the total number of COVID-19 deaths in 2020-21, the COVID-19 proportional mortality (%) was estimated for each age group and sex. A graph of the daily number of deaths from January 2020 to December 2021 by sex was elaborated to show the temporal evolution of COVID-19 deaths in Brazil. In addition, four indicators related to COVID-19 mortality were estimated: infant mortality rate (IMR); maternal mortality ratio (MMR); number and rate of orphans due to mother’s COVID-19 death; the average number of years lost. Results: The overall COVID-19 mortality rate was 14.8 (/10,000). The mortality rates increase with age and show a decreasing gradient with higher schooling. The rate among illiterate people was 38.8/10,000, three times higher than a college education. Male mortality was 31% higher than female mortality. COVID-19 deaths represented 19.1% of all deaths, with the highest proportions in the age group of 40-59 years. The average number of years lost due to COVID- 19 was 19 years. The MMR due to COVID-19 was 35.7 per 100,000 live births (LB), representing 37.4% of the overall MMR. Regarding the number of orphans due to COVID-19, we estimated that 40,830 children under 18 lost their mothers during the epidemic, with an orphans’ rate of 7.5/10,000 children aged 0-17 years. The IMR was 11.7 per 1000 LB, with 0.2 caused by COVID-19. The peak of COVID-19 deaths occurred in March 2021, reaching almost 4000 COVID-19 deaths per day, higher than the average number of deaths per day from all causes in 2019. Conclusions: The delay in adopting public health measures necessary to control the epidemic has exacerbated the spread of the disease, resulting in several avoidable deaths. | en_US |
Affilliation | Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Institute of Scientific and Technological Communication and Information in Health. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. | en_US |
Affilliation | Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Institute of Scientific and Technological Communication and Information in Health. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. | en_US |
Affilliation | Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Institute of Scientific and Technological Communication and Information in Health. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. | en_US |
Affilliation | Federal University of Minas Gerais. Faculty of Medicine. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. | en_US |
Affilliation | Federal University of Minas Gerais. School of Nursing. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. | en_US |
Subject | COVID-19 | en_US |
Subject | Mortality | en_US |
Subject | Maternal mortality | en_US |
Subject | Number of years lost | en_US |
Subject | Orphanhood | en_US |
Subject | Epidemic denial | en_US |
Subject | Vaccination | en_US |