In 1939, Mangabeira obtained, under laboratory conditions, the development of eggs of Phlebotomus brasiliensis Costa Lima, 1932, collected at Lassance (typical locality), Minas Gerais, Brasil. He then studied the female and immature stages of this Phlebotomus. The results of these observations plus some more recente data on the male, geographical distribution and bionomics are presented. Morphologically it is closest to Phlebotomus runoides. However, the male Phlebotomus brasiliensis differs from al other Phlebotomus because of its very long spicules, simiçar to those of Brumptomyia. The female differs by its very long spicules, and by possessing only four horizontal teeth in the buccal cavity, ehwre-as P. runoides has approximately 12 teath. The pupae of P. brasiliensis is characterized by its two pre-alar setae, which are very simple and small and by the abdominal setae, which are not planted on a protruding tubercle. The fourth stage larvae main characteristics are very thin antennae, inserted on a protruding tuberculum, and slightly brush-like hind frontal setae. P. brasiliensis is here reported, for the firts time, for the State of Bahia (Cachoeira, Pojuca and Salvador). The species has almost Always been found in armadillo burrows. In the State of Bahia it is more frequente during the dry season. Under laboratoryconditions, the female lays about 53 eggs.