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THE IMPACT OF NEUROIMMUNE ALTERATIONS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Gottfried, Carmen et al. | Date Issued: 2015
Author
Gottfried, Carmen
Bambini Junior, Victorio
Francis, Fiona
Riesgo, Rudimar
Savino, Wilson
Affilliation
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Grupo Translacional de Estudo dos Transtornos do Espectro Autista - (GETEA). Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Departamento de Bioquímica. Grupo de Pesquisa em Plasticidade Neuroglial. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Grupo Translacional de Estudo dos Transtornos do Espectro Autista - (GETEA). Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Departamento de Bioquímica. Grupo de Pesquisa em Plasticidade Neuroglial. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa sobre o Timo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie. Paris, France / INSERM UMR-S 839. Paris, France / Institut du Fer à Moulin. Paris, France.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Grupo Translacional de Estudo dos Transtornos do Espectro Autista - (GETEA). Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Unidade de Neurologia Infantil. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Pesquisa sobre o Timo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves a complex interplay of both genetic and environmental risk factors, with immune alterations and synaptic connection deficiency in early life. In the past decade, studies of ASD have substantially increased, in both humans and animal models. Immunological imbalance (including autoimmunity) has been proposed as a major etiological component in ASD, taking into account increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in postmortem brain from patients, as well as autoantibody production. Also, epidemiological studies have established a correlation of ASD with family history of autoimmune diseases; associations with major histocompatibility complex haplotypes and abnormal levels of immunological markers in the blood. Moreover, the use of animal models to study ASD is providing increasing information on the relationship between the immune system and the pathophysiology of ASD. Herein, we will discuss the accumulating literature for ASD, giving special attention to the relevant aspects of factors that may be related to the neuroimmune interface in the development of ASD, including changes in neuroplasticity.
Keywords in Portuguese
Autismo
Ácido Valproico
Interações neuroimunes
Roedores
Fatores de risco ambientais
 
Keywords
Autism
Neuroimmune interactions
Environmental risk factors
Rodent models
Valproic acid
 
Publisher
Frontiers Media
Citation
GOTTFRIED, Carmen; et al. The impact of neuroimmune alterations in autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, v.6, Article 121, 16p, Sept. 2015.
DOI
10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00121
ISSN
1664-0640