The characteristics of Paecilomyces lilacinus infection were evaluated using two murine experimental models: immunocompetent and immunosuppressed. The evaluation criteria for characteristics of infection were clinical signs, weight loss, survival rates, histopathological alterations and the number of viable fungal cells re-isolated from different organs; and those for immunological status were in vitro lymphoproliferative response, cell surface phenotyping and IFN-γ production. Morphological evaluation showed that P. lilacinus isolates presented morphological characteristics consistent with those described in the literature. The immunocompetent mice could be infected by the fungi, but they did not develop the disease, unlike the immunosuppressed mice, which showed clinical signs of mycosis in an environment of suppressed cellular immune response. The hypothesis of latent infection reactivation in mice was not confirmed. The difference observed in the infection rate of the two fungi isolates points to an intrinsic variation between strains of P. lilacinus and led us to hypothesise that even in the presence of immunosuppressed environment, the fungus virulence can play a role in the pathogenesis of hyalohyphomycosis.