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THE HIV-1 SUBTYPE B EPIDEMIC IN FRENCH GUIANA AND SURINAME IS DRIVEN BY ONGOING TRANSMISSIONS OF PANDEMIC AND NON-PANDEMIC LINEAGES
Affilliation
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.
Coordination Régionale de la Lutte Contre le VIH and Centre d’Investigation Clinique INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne “Andrée Rosemon”, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.
Institut Pasteur de la Guyane. Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes. Cayenne, French Guiana.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.
Institut Pasteur de la Guyane. Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes. Cayenne, French Guiana.
Coordination Régionale de la Lutte Contre le VIH and Centre d’Investigation Clinique INSERM 1424, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne “Andrée Rosemon”, Cayenne, French Guiana.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.
Institut Pasteur de la Guyane. Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes. Cayenne, French Guiana.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.
Institut Pasteur de la Guyane. Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes. Cayenne, French Guiana.
Abstract
The HIV-1 subtype B epidemic in French Guiana and Suriname is characterized by the
co-circulation of the globally disseminated “BPANDEMIC” lineage and of non-pandemic
subtype B lineages of Caribbean origin (BCAR). To reconstruct the spatiotemporal pattern
of spread of those viral lineages circulating in these two countries, a total of 361 HIV-1
subtype B pol sequences recovered from treatment-naive adult patients from French
Guiana and Suriname between 2006 and 2012 were combined with BPANDEMIC and
BCAR reference sequences. Major Guianese/Surinamese BPANDEMIC and BCAR lineages
were identified by Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis and the spatiotemporal
and demographic parameters estimated using a Bayesian coalescent-based method.
We detected four BCAR and three BPANDEMIC transmission chains of large size that
together comprise most pandemic and non-pandemic subtype B sequences from
French Guiana ( 52%) and Suriname ( 70%) here analyzed. These major lineages were
probably introduced into French Guiana and Suriname from the Caribbean (BCAR) and
North/South America (BPANDEMIC) between the middle 1970s and the late 1980s and
spread among populations from both countries with roughly comparable demographic
growth rates. We detected a significant trend for higher viral loads and higher proportion
of homosexual/bisexual men among subjects infected with BPANDEMIC relative to BCAR
strains in French Guiana. These results show that the HIV subtype B epidemic in
French Guiana and Suriname has been driven by multiple active BCAR and BPANDEMIC
transmission chains that arose since the middle 1970s onward and operate in both
countries simultaneously. Although no significant differences in the epidemic potential
of major BCAR and BPANDEMIC lineages were observed, relevant associations between
the infecting subtype B lineage and epidemiological and clinical characteristics were
detected in French Guiana.
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