INTRODUCTION: Schistosomiasis is an important public health problem worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently WHO published a road map targeting the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem and the interruption of transmission by 2030. In order to achieve these goals, it's important to invest in strategic research, including new diagnostic techniques. Currently, Kato-Katz is the method recommended by WHO for identifying endemic regions. However, the limitation of this technique for performing individual diagnosis is well established due to its low sensitivity. Here we evaluated the performance of POC-CCA for diagnosing schistosomiasis in an endemic area. METHODS: This cohort followed residents of a rural area of the Conde-BA municipality for one year after the treatment with praziquantel (PZQ). All participants provided stool and urine samples. Two slides of Kato-Katz (KK) were performed do each sample. Urine samples were used to perform the POC-CCA assay and to determine the physicochemical characteristics of urine using urine strips, both shortly after receiving the urine sample. After baseline (D0), participants received PZQ and were reevaluated 30 (D30), 180 (D180), and 360 (D360) days after treatment. total of 273 individuals included in this study were treated by PZQ. The baseline frequency of positive results for KK was 57.5% and 58.2% for POC-CCA. However, POC-CCA presented 18.3% of overall false-negative results, and 37.3% of false-negative results when considering only individuals with low parasite burden. We observed that the density of urines classified as POC-CCA false negative was significantly higher when compared to urine classified as true negative. Overall, POC-CCA demonstrated 68.1% sensitivity, 55.2% specificity, 67.3% positive predictive value, 56.1% negative predictive value, 62.6% accuracy, 1.52 positive likelihood ratio, 0.58 negative likelihood ratio, and 2.63% diagnostic odds ratio. Thirty days after treatment, POC-CCA remained positive for 18.1% of evaluated samples, whereas KK showed only 1.9% of positivity at this time point. At D180 and D360 time points, POC-CCA showed 26.8% and 26.2% positivity versus 4.2% and 9.5% of positivity for KK. CONCLUSIONS: The overall performance of POC-CCA was below expectations to be indicated as a diagnostic method for schistosomiasis. POC-CCA presented an important frequency of false-negative results, especially among individuals with low parasite load, representing the great majority of infected individuals, and remains positive after treatment with PZQ. Other studies should be carried out in order to identify a new diagnostic method that can be used in Brazil, considering the current epidemiological moment.