Amphibian population declines driven by chytridiomycosis, a fungal disease caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), have become a major concern worldwide (Berger et al. 1999; Lips et al. 2006). Although there is evidence that not all reported amphibian declines were caused by Bd (Daszak et al. 2005), the disease chytridiomycosis has been linked to species declines and extinctions on several continents (Lips et al. 2006; Mendelson et al. 2006; Schloegel et al. 2006; Weldon and du Preez 2004). Ecological niche modeling based on point distribution data of Bd predicts it to be widely distributed, occurring under a wide variety of temperature and precipitation regimes (see fi gures 1–2, Ron 2005, for details). The Brazilian Atlantic rainforest was listed as one of the most suitable areas in the Neotropics for the occurrence of Bd (Ron 2005).