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A DOAÇÃO DE SANGUE POR LGBTQIAPN+: CONCEPÇÕES MORAIS, TENSÕES E DISPUTAS SOCIAIS
Homossexuais
LGBTQIAPN+
HIV/Aids
Estigma
Preconceito
Moralidade
Sexualidade
Rodrigues, Luciana Miranda | Date Issued:
2023
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Advisor
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Abstract in Portuguese
O sangue, do ponto de vista simbólico, é representado como ‘fonte da vida’. A necessidade de sangue e seus componentes para transfusões de pacientes em tratamentos de quadros de doenças crônicos e de risco iminente são indispensáveis para a garantia da vida. Apesar dos avanços da indústria farmacêutica e da evolução da tecnologia na saúde, ainda hoje o sangue não conseguiu ser substituído pela indústria. A luta pelo direito à doação de sangue por parte do movimento LGBTQIAPN+ iniciou-se em 2016, com uma ação de inconstitucionalidade no Superior Tribunal Federal cuja deliberação foi favorável a toda população em 2020. Por muitos anos, desde o advento do HIV e da Aids, os homens homossexuais e bissexuais, bem como as travestis e as transexuais, não podiam doar sangue, pois eram inclusos em “grupos de risco” de alta probabilidade para o HIV/Aids. Tais pessoas estavam/estão envoltas em situações preconceituosas e estigma social, tendo sua imagem associada às ideias de “risco” e “promiscuidade”. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender as práticas e representações sobre doação de sangue por LGBTQIAPN+ num banco de sangue inserido num hospital da rede pública federal no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para tanto, foi realizada uma etnografia em que foram realizadas 23 entrevistas com voluntários doadores de sangue e 18 entrevistas com profissionais de saúde. Dentre as entrevistas realizadas, 6 voluntários autorreferiram-se como LGBTQIAPN+ e 2 profissionais de saúde se autorreferiram-se como LGBTQIAPN+. Também foram realizadas anotações detalhadas sobre o cotidiano do serviço de banco de sangue em diário de campo, notas estas provenientes de observação participante realizada na unidade, desde a recepção dos voluntários à saída, ao final do atendimento. A observação das relações intersubjetivas entre voluntários e profissiona
Abstract
Blood, from a symbolic point of view, is represented as the ‘source of life’. The need for blood and its components for transfusions of patients undergoing treatment for chronic illnesses and imminent risk is essential to guarantee life. Despite advances in the pharmaceutical industry and the evolution of health technology, blood has still not been replaced by industry. The fight for the right to blood donation by the LGBTQIAPN+ movement began in 2016, with an unconstitutionality action in the Superior Federal Court whose deliberation was favorable to the entire population in 2020. For many years, since the advent of HIV and AIDS , homosexual and bisexual men, as well as transvestites and transsexuals, could not donate blood, as they were included in high-probability risk groups for HIV/AIDS. Such people were/are involved in prejudiced situations and social stigma, having their image associated with the ideas of “risk” and “promiscuity”. This research aimed to understand the practices and representations regarding blood donation by LGBTQIAPN+ in a blood bank located in a federal public hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro. To this end, an ethnography was carried out in which 23 interviews were carried out with volunteer blood donors and 18 interviews with health professionals. Among the interviews carried out, 6 volunteers self-referred to as LGBTQIAPN+ and 2 health professionals self-referred to as LGBTQIAPN+. Detailed notes were also made about the daily routine of the blood bank service in a field diary, notes coming from participant observation carried out in the unit, from the reception of volunteers to their departure at the end of the service. The observation of intersubjective relationships between volunteers and health professionals made it possible to identify situations and processes of vulnerability, limits and possibilities of choices regarding the clinical screening of blood donors. The reasons for donating blood by volunteers varied, highlighting the desire to help others, on the one hand, and testing to know the serological status, in response to the fear of diseases caused by STIs, especially HIV, on the other side. In the narratives of triage health professionals, the topic of stigma was also present as a challenge to be faced. The analysis of the interviews also revealed subjective and personal evaluation behaviors directed at image judgments of homosexual bodies. In this way, some professionals may signal veiled prejudices that lead to subjective decisions, or what is known as “subjective disposal” of blood. The justification in this case would be the existence of a “lack” of truth on the part of the patient and transfusion insecurity on the part of the professional. The theoretical key used was the concept of symbolic violence proposed by Bourdieu. Based on this reading, it is possible to affirm that agents in the field of hemotherapy (doctors, nurses, laboratory workers, among others) encourage discussions based on debatable scientific evidence and maintain a group of people at a high level of vulnerability for HIV transmission, reproducing issues of moral nature that contribute to the distancing of the LGBTQIAPN+ population from blood banks.
Keywords in Portuguese
Doação de SangueHomossexuais
LGBTQIAPN+
HIV/Aids
Estigma
Preconceito
Moralidade
Sexualidade
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