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Sustainable Development Goals
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GENOMIC EVIDENCE OF OROPOUCHE VIRUS AUTOCHTHONOUS CIRCULATION IN A SMALL DISTRICT IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
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Oropouche virus (OROV; Peribunyaviridae), is an emerging arbovirus endemic to the Amazon Basin region of South America, which causes a febrile disease named Oropouche fever. This disease is usually mild and presents symptoms similar to other arboviral diseases, but more severe infections have been recently reported, including the first cases of abortion and fetal malformation due to vertical transmission and deaths in 2024. This year marked the first OROV outbreak in Brazil outside the Amazon region, following successive resurgences in the endemic area. Genomic surveillance indicates that these outbreaks were caused by a reassortant OROV lineage, which presents the S, M, and L segments more closely related to distinct viral strains, including the OROV prototype, Iquitos, and Perdões viruses. Preliminary experimental evidence suggests that this lineage replicates faster in mammalian cells and is less effectively neutralized by antibodies from prior infections compared to the prototype OROV strain.
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