| Author | Ferreira, Ana Beatriz Barletta | |
| Author | Bahia, Ana Cristina | |
| Author | Pitaluga, Andre Nobrega | |
| Author | Barros, Erika | |
| Author | Santos, Diogo Gama dos | |
| Author | Bottino-Rojas, Vanessa | |
| Author | Kubota, Marina Sanae | |
| Author | Oliveira, Pedro Lagerblad de | |
| Author | Pimenta, Paulo Filemon Paolucci | |
| Author | Traub-Csekö, Yara Maria | |
| Author | Sorgine, Marcos Henrique Ferreira | |
| Access date | 2022-05-23T13:15:12Z | |
| Available date | 2022-05-23T13:15:12Z | |
| Document date | 2022 | |
| Citation | FERREIRA, Ana Beatriz Barletta et al. Sexual Dimorphism in Immune Responses and Infection Resistance in Aedes aegypti and Other Hematophagous Insect Vectors. Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, v. 3, Article 847109, p. 1 - 17, Mar. 2022. | pt_BR |
| ISSN | 2673-7515 | pt_BR |
| URI | https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/52811 | |
| Language | eng | pt_BR |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media | pt_BR |
| Rights | open access | |
| Subject in Portuguese | Dimorfismo sexua | pt_BR |
| Subject in Portuguese | Imunidade | pt_BR |
| Subject in Portuguese | Vetores de insetos | pt_BR |
| Subject in Portuguese | Aedes aegypti | pt_BR |
| Subject in Portuguese | Mosquitos | pt_BR |
| Subject in Portuguese | Flebotomíneos | pt_BR |
| Title | Sexual Dimorphism in Immune Responses and Infection Resistance in Aedes aegypti and Other Hematophagous Insect Vectors | pt_BR |
| Type | Article | |
| DOI | 10.3389/fitd.2022.847109 | |
| Abstract | Sexual dimorphism in immune function is prevalent across different species, where males
trade their ability to fight pathogens for a practical reproductive function while females
favor an extended lifespan. In insects, these differences in immune function reflect an
evolutionary life strategy, where females have a presumably more robust immune system
than insect males. Here, we evaluate immune functioning in four male and female insect
vectors, Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae), Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera, Culicidae),
Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae) and Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera,
Reduviidae). We show evidence that challenges the concept of immune sexual
dimorphism in three of these insect vectors. In the three Diptera species, A. aegypti, A.
aquasalis and L. longipalpis that transmit arboviruses, Plasmodium spp.
(Haemospororida, Plasmodiidae) and Leishmania spp. (Trypanosomatida,
Trypanosomatidae), respectively, unchallenged adult males express higher levels of
immune-related genes than adult females and immature developmental stages. The
main components of the Toll, IMD, and Jak/STAT pathways and antimicrobial effectors
are highly expressed in whole-body males. Additionally, males present lower midgut basal
microbiota levels than females. In A. aegypti mosquitoes, the differences in immune gene
expression and microbiota levels are established in adult mosquitoes but are not present
at the recently emerged adults and pupal stage. Antibiotic treatment does not affect the
consistently higher expression of immune genes in males, except defensin, which is
reduced significantly after microbiota depletion and restored after re-introduction. Our
data suggest that Diptera males have a basal state of activation of the immune system and
that activation of a more robust response through systemic immune challenge acutely
compromises their survival. The ones who survive clear the infection entirely. Females
follow a different strategy where a moderate immune reaction render higher tolerance to
infection and survival. In contrast, hematophagous adult males of the Hemiptera vector R. prolixus, which transmits Trypanosoma cruzi, present no differences in immune
activation compared to females, suggesting that diet differences between males and
females may influence immune sexual dimorphism. These findings expand our
understanding of the biology of insect vectors of human pathogens, which can help to
direct the development of new strategies to limit vector populations. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematóagos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos e Parasitos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Insituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematóagos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Laboratório de Bioquímica de Insetos e Parasitos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematóagos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematóagos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis. Laboratório de Bioquímica de Artrópodes Hematóagos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | pt_BR |
| Subject | Sexual Dimorphism | pt_BR |
| Subject | Immunity | pt_BR |
| Subject | Insect vectors | pt_BR |
| Subject | Mosquitoes | pt_BR |
| Subject | Sandflies | pt_BR |
| Subject | Kissing bugs | pt_BR |
| e-ISSN | 1678-8060 | |
