| Author | Vasconcelos, Camilla Ioshida | |
| Author | Cronemberger-Andrade, A | |
| Author | Souza-Melo, Normanda | |
| Author | Maricato, Juliana Terzi | |
| Author | Xander, Patrícia | |
| Author | Batista, Wagner Luiz | |
| Author | Soares, Rodrigo Pedro Pinto | |
| Author | Schenkman, Sergio | |
| Author | Torrecilhas, Ana Claudia | |
| Access date | 2022-06-21T17:51:27Z | |
| Available date | 2022-06-21T17:51:27Z | |
| Document date | 2021 | |
| Citation | VASCONCELOS, Camilla Ioshida et al. Stress Induces Release of Extracellular Vesicles by Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigotes. J Immunol Res., v. 2021, 2939693, 2021. doi: 10.1155/2021/2939693. | pt_BR |
| ISSN | 2314-7156 | pt_BR |
| URI | https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/53394 | |
| Language | eng | pt_BR |
| Publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation | pt_BR |
| Rights | open access | pt_BR |
| Title | Stress Induces Release of Extracellular Vesicles by Trypanosoma cruzi Trypomastigotes | pt_BR |
| Type | Article | pt_BR |
| DOI | 10.1155/2021/2939693 | |
| Abstract | All extracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing major surface molecules of the parasite. EV release depends on several mechanisms (internal and external). However, most of the environmental conditions affecting this phenomenon are still unknown. In this work, we evaluated EV release under different stress conditions and their ability to be internalized by the parasites. In addition, we investigated whether the release conditions would affect their immunomodulatory properties in preactivated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). Sodium azide and methyl-cyclo-β-dextrin (CDB) reduced EV release, indicating that this phenomenon relies on membrane organization. EV release was increased at low temperatures (4°C) and acidic conditions (pH 5.0). Under this pH, trypomastigotes differentiated into amastigotes. EVs are rapidly liberated and reabsorbed by the trypomastigotes in a concentration-dependent manner. Nitrosative stress caused by sodium nitrite in acid medium or S-nitrosoglutathione also stimulated the secretion of EVs. EVs released under all stress conditions also maintained their proinflammatory activity and increased the expression of iNOS, Arg 1, IL-12, and IL-23 genes in IFN-γ and LPS preactivated BMDM. In conclusion, our results suggest a budding mechanism of release, dependent on the membrane structure and parasite integrity. Stress conditions did not affect functional properties of EVs during interaction with host cells. EV release variations under stress conditions may be a physiological response against environmental changes | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Diadema, SP, Brazil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Cell Therapy Institute. Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS). Paracelsus Medical University. Salzburg, Austria. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Diadema, SP, Brazil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Diadema, SP, Brazil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. | pt_BR |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Diadema, SP, Brazil. | pt_BR |
