Background: Achondroplasia (ACH), the most common form of disproportionate short stature, is caused by a pathogenic variant in the fbroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene. Recent advances in drug therapy for ACH have highlighted the importance of elucidating the natural history and socioeconomic burden of this condition. Recognition that there are many potential issues for the patient with ACH is the frst step in planning cost-efective interventions in Latin America (LATAM), a vast geographic territory comprising countries with multicultural characteristics and wide socioeconomic diferences. We conducted a systematic literature review to characterize the impact of ACH on afected individuals and on healthcare resources in LATAM countries. Methods: Searches of the global medical literature as well as regional and local medical literature up to August 2020. Observational studies on patients with ACH from any LATAM country. Pairs of reviewers independently screened eligible articles, extracted data from included studies, and assessed their risk of bias. Results: Fifty-three unique studies (28 case series and cross-sectional studies and 25 case reports) including data on 1604 patients were eligible. Of these studies, 11 had data available for meta-analysis. Both premature mortality and all-cause mortality in the pooled studies was 15% [95% Confdence Interval (CI) 1.0E−3 to 0.47; I²=82.9%, p=0.0029; three studies, n=99 patients]. Frequency of cardio-respiratory-metabolic disorders was 17% [95% CI 0.04–0.37; I²=90.3%, p<0.0001; four studies, n=230 patients]; nervous system disorders was 18% [95% CI 0.07–0.33; I²=84.6%, p<0.0001; six studies, n=262 patients]; ear, nose, throat and speech disorders was 32% [95% CI 0.18–0.48; I²=73.4%, p=0.0046; fve studies, n=183 patients]; and spinal issues including stenosis, compression and associated pain was 24% [95% CI 0.07–0.47; I²=91.3%, p<0.0001; fve studies, n=235 patients]. Conclusions: There is currently evidence of high clinical burden in ACH patients in LATAM countries. Establishing the impact of ACH provides the necessary foundation for planning tailored and efective public health interventions.