| Author | Lima, Israel Diniz | |
| Author | Fonseca, Leonardo Marques da | |
| Author | Silva Junior, Elias Barbosa da | |
| Author | Oliveira, Joyce Cristina Guimarães de | |
| Author | Lima, Leonardo Freire de | |
| Author | Nascimento, Danielle Oliveira | |
| Author | Morrot, Alexandre | |
| Author | Previato, Jose Osvaldo | |
| Author | Previato, Lucia Mendonça | |
| Author | Ricardo, Debora Decote | |
| Author | Lima, Celio Geraldo Freire de | |
| Access date | 2022-10-21T19:14:43Z | |
| Available date | 2022-10-21T19:14:43Z | |
| Document date | 2022 | |
| Citation | LIMA, Israel Diniz et al. Cryptococcus: History, Epidemiology and Immune Evasion. Applied Sciences, v. 12, 7086, p. 1 - 27, July 2022. | en_US |
| ISSN | 2076-3417 | en_US |
| URI | https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/55243 | |
| Language | eng | en_US |
| Publisher | MDPI | en_US |
| Rights | open access | |
| Subject in Portuguese | Cryptococcus gattii | en_US |
| Subject in Portuguese | Cryptococcus neoformans | en_US |
| Subject in Portuguese | Infecção | en_US |
| Subject in Portuguese | Criptococose | en_US |
| Subject in Portuguese | Imunomodulação | en_US |
| Subject in Portuguese | Fator de virulência | en_US |
| Title | Cryptococcus: history, epidemiology and immune evasion | en_US |
| Type | Article | |
| DOI | 10.3390/ app12147086 | |
| Abstract | Cryptococcosis is a disease caused by the pathogenic fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and
Cryptococcus gattii, both environmental fungi that cause severe pneumonia and may even lead to
cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Although C. neoformans affects more fragile individuals, such as
immunocompromised hosts through opportunistic infections, C. gattii causes a serious indiscriminate
primary infection in immunocompetent individuals. Typically seen in tropical and subtropical
environments, C. gattii has increased its endemic area over recent years, largely due to climatic
factors that favor contagion in warmer climates. It is important to point out that not only C. gattii,
but the Cryptococcus species complex produces a polysaccharidic capsule with immunomodulatory
properties, enabling the pathogenic species of Cryptococccus to subvert the host immune response
during the establishment of cryptococcosis, facilitating its dissemination in the infected organism.
C. gattii causes a more severe and difficult-to-treat infection, with few antifungals eliciting an effective
response during chronic treatment. Much of the immunopathology of this cryptococcosis is still
poorly understood, with most studies focusing on cryptococcosis caused by the species C. neoformans.
C. gattii became more important in the epidemiological scenario with the outbreaks in the Pacific
Northwest of the United States, which resulted in phylogenetic studies of the virulent variant
responsible for the severe infection in the region. Since then, the study of cryptococcosis caused by
C. gattii has helped researchers understand the immunopathological aspects of different variants of
this pathogen. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Medicina. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Veterinária. Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. | en_US |
| Subject | Cryptococcus gattii | en_US |
| Subject | Cryptococcus neoformans | en_US |
| Subject | Cryptococcosis | en_US |
| Subject | Infection | en_US |
| Subject | Virulence factor | en_US |
| Subject | Immunomodulation | en_US |
