| Author | Pazukhina, Ekaterina | |
| Author | Garcia-Gallo, Esteban | |
| Author | Reyes, Luis Felipe | |
| Author | Kildal, Anders Benjamin | |
| Author | Jassat, Waasila | |
| Author | Dryden, Murray | |
| Author | Holter, Jan Cato | |
| Author | Chatterjee, Allegra | |
| Author | Gomez, Kyle | |
| Author | Søraas, Arne | |
| Author | Puntoni, Matteo | |
| Author | Latronico, Nicola | |
| Author | Bozza, Fernando A. | |
| Author | Edelstein, Michael | |
| Author | Gonçalves, Bronner P. | |
| Author | Kartsonaki, Christiana | |
| Author | Kruglova, Oksana | |
| Author | Gaião, Sérgio | |
| Author | Chow, Yock Ping | |
| Author | Doshi, Yash | |
| Author | Vallejo, Sara Isabel Duque | |
| Author | Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D. | |
| Author | Fuentes, Yuli V. | |
| Author | Hastie, Claire | |
| Author | O'Hara, Margaret E. | |
| Author | Balan, Valeria | |
| Author | Menkir, Tigist | |
| Author | Merson, Laura | |
| Author | Kelly, Sadie | |
| Author | Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru | |
| Author | Semple, Malcolm G. | |
| Author | Scott, Janet T. | |
| Author | Munblit, Daniel | |
| Author | Sigfrid, Louise | |
| Access date | 2025-03-14T00:13:46Z | |
| Available date | 2025-03-14T00:13:46Z | |
| Document date | 2024 | |
| Citation | PAZUKHINA, Ekaterina et al. Long Covid: a global health issue: a prospective, cohort study set in four continents. BMJ Global Health, v. 9, n. 10, p. 1-14, Oct. 2024. | en_US |
| ISSN | 2059-7908 | en_US |
| URI | https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/68973 | |
| Description | Collaborators: ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group and ISARIC Global Covid-19 follow up working group: Laurent Abel, Amal Abrous, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Aliya Mohammed Alameen, Marta Alessi, Beatrice Alex, Kévin Alexandre, Adam Ali, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Clotilde Allavena, Nathalie Allou, Claire Andrejak, Andrea Angheben, François Angoulvant, Séverine Ansart, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Elise Artaud-Macari, Jean Baptiste Assie, Johann Auchabie, Hugues Aumaitre, Adrien Auvet, Eyvind W Axelsen, Laurène Azemar, Cecile Azoulay, Benjamin Bach, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, John Kenneth Baillie, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Wendy S Barclay, Marie Bartoli, Joaquín Baruch, Romain Basmaci, Jules Bauer, Alexandra Bedossa, Husna Begum, Marine Beluze, Nicolas Benech, Delphine Bergeaud, José Luis Bernal Sobrino, Giulia Bertoli, Simon Bessis, Sybille Bevilcaqua, Karine Bezulier, Krishna Bhavsar, Zeno Bisoffi, Laurent Bitker, Mathieu Blot, Laetitia Bodenes, Debby Bogaert, Anne-Hélène Boivin, Isabela Bolaños, Pierre-Adrien Bolze, Raphaël Borie, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Lila Bouadma, Olivier Bouchaud, Sabelline Bouchez, Kévin Bouiller, Laurence Bouillet, Camile Bouisse, Anne-Sophie Boureau, Maude Bouscambert, Aurore Bousquet, Marielle Boyer-Besseyre, Axelle Braconnier, Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll, Polina Bugaeva, Marielle Buisson, Danilo Buonsenso, Ingrid G Bustos, Denis Butnaru, Roar Bævre-Jensen, André Cabie, Eder Caceres, Cyril Cadoz, Jose Andres Calvache, Valentine Campana, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Nicolas Carlier, Thierry Carmoi, Marie-Christine Carret, Gail Carson, Maire-Laure Casanova, Guylaine Castor-Alexandre, François-Xavier Catherine, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Anissa Chair, Catherine Chakveatze, Meera Chand, Jean-Marc Chapplain, Charlotte Charpentier, Julie Chas, Léo Chenard, Antoine Cheret, Thibault Chiarabini, Catherine Chirouze, Bernard Cholley, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Yock Ping Chow, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Sara Clohisey, Gwenhaël Colin, Marie Connor, Graham S Cooke, Hugues Cordel, Andrea Cortegiani, Grégory Corvaisier, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Roxane Courtois, Stéphanie Cousse, Juan Luis Cruz Bermúdez, Jaime Cruz Rojo, Elodie Curlier, Eric D'Ortenzio, Ana da Silva Filipe, Charlene Da Silveira, Andrew Dagens, John Arne Dahl, Jo Dalton, Etienne De Montmollin, Cristina De Rose, Thushan de Silva, Nathalie DeCastro, Alexa Debard, Marie-Pierre Debray, Romain Decours, Eve Defous, Isabelle Delacroix, Karen Delavigne, Christelle Delmas, Pierre Delobel, Elisa Demonchy, Emmanuelle Denis, Dominique Deplanque, Diane Descamps, Mathilde Desvallées, Alpha Diallo, Sylvain Diamantis, Fernanda Dias Da Silva, Kévin Didier, Jean-Luc Diehl, Vincent Dinot, Fara Diop, Alphonsine Diouf, Félix Djossou, Annemarie B Docherty, Christl A Donnelly, Céline Dorival, Nathalie Dournon, Thomas Drake, Amiel A Dror, Vincent Dubee, François Dubos, Alexandre Ducancelle, Susanne Dudman, Paul Dunand, Jake Dunning, Bertrand Dussol, Xavier Duval, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Michael Edelstein, Linn Margrete Eggesbø, Mohammed El Sanharawi, Brigitte Elharrar, Merete Ellingjord-Dale, Philippine Eloy, Isabelle Enderle, Ilka Engelmann, Vincent Enouf, Olivier Epaulard, Hélène Esperou, Marina Esposito-Farese, Manuel Etienne, Marc Fabre, Isabelle Fabre, Cameron J Fairfield, Karine Faure, Raphaël Favory, François-Xavier Ferrand, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, Nicolas Ferriere, Céline Ficko, William Finlayson, Thomas Flament, Tom Fletcher, Aline-Marie Florence, Victor Fomin, Erwan Fourn, Christophe Fraser, Stéphanie Fry, Valérie Gaborieau, Rostane Gaci, Jean-Charles Gagnard, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Linda Gail Skeie, Sérgio Gaião, Carrol Gamble, Esteban Garcia-Gallo, Noelia García Barrio, Denis Garot, Valérie Garrait, Anatoliy Gavrylov, Alexandre Gaymard, Eva Geraud, Louis Gerbaud Morlaes, Jade Ghosn, Tristan Gigante, Guillermo Giordano, Michelle Girvan, Valérie Gissot, Petr Glybochko, François Goehringer, Kyle Gomez, Marie Gominet, Yanay Gorelik, Isabelle Gorenne, Laure Goubert, Cécile Goujard, Tiphaine Goulenok, Pascal Granier, Christopher A Green, William Greenhalf, Segolène Greffe, Fiona Griffiths, Jérémie Guedj, Martin Guego, Romain Guery, Anne Guillaumot, Laurent Guilleminault, Thomas Guimard, Ali Hachemi, Nadir Hadri, Matthew Hall, Sophie Halpin, Rebecca Hamidfar, Bato Hammarström, Hayley Hardwick, Ewen M Harrison, Janet Harrison, Lars Heggelund, Ross Hendry, Maxime Hentzien, Diana Hernandez, Rupert Higgins, Hikombo Hitoto, Antonia Ho, Alexandre Hoctin, Isabelle Hoffmann, Jan Cato Holter, Peter Horby, Ikram Houas, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Samreen Ijaz, Patrick Imbert, Mariachiara Ippolito, Margaux Isnard, Mette Stausland Istre, Danielle Jaafar, Salma Jaafoura, Julien Jabot, Clare Jackson, Stéphane Jaureguiberry, Florence Jego, Synne Jenum, Cédric Joseph, Mercé Jourdain, Silje Bakken Jørgensen, Ouifiya Kafif, Florentia Kaguelidou, Sabina Kali, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, Christiana Kartsonaki, Seán Keating, Sadie Kelly, Kalynn Kennon, Younes Kerroumi, Antoine Khalil, Saye Khoo, Beathe Kiland Granerud, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Antoine Kimmoun, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland Kjetland, Paul Klenerman, Gry Kloumann Bekken, Stephen R Knight, Arsène Kpangon, Oksana Kruglova, Galyna Kutsyna, Marie Lachatre, Marie Lacoste, Nadhem Lafhej, Marie Lagrange, Fabrice Laine, Olivier Lairez, Antonio Lalueza, Marc Lambert, Marie Langelot-Richard, Vincent Langlois, Cédric Laouénan, Samira Laribi, Delphine Lariviere, Stéphane Lasry, Odile Launay, Didier Laureillard, Yoan Lavie-Badie, Andy Law, Minh Le, Clément Le Bihan, Cyril Le Bris, Georges Le Falher, Lucie Le Fevre, Quentin Le Hingrat, Marion Le Maréchal, Soizic Le Mestre, Gwenaël Le Moal, Vincent Le Moing, Hervé Le Nagard, Sylvie LeGac, Jennifer Lee, Gary Leeming, Laurent Lefebvre, Bénédicte Lefebvre, Benjamin Lefèvre, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, Adrien Lemaignen, Véronique Lemee, Anthony Lemeur, Marc Leone, Quentin Lepiller, François-Xavier Lescure, Olivier Lesens, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Sophie Letrou, Bruno Levy, Yves Levy, Claire Levy-Marchal, Geoffrey Liegeon, Wei Shen Lim, Bruno Lina, Andreas Lind, Guillaume Lingas, Sylvie Lion-Daolio, Marine Livrozet, Paul Loubet, Bouchra Loufti, Guillame Louis, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Carlos Lumbreras Bermejo, Miles Lunn, Liem Luong, Dominique Luton, Moïse Machado, Gabriel Macheda, Guillermo Maestro de la Calle, Rafael Mahieu, Sophie Mahy, Mylène Maillet, Thomas Maitre, Denis Malvy, Victoria Manda, Laurent Mandelbrot, Julie Mankikian, Aldric Manuel, Samuel Markowicz, Laura Marsh, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Martin Martinot, Olga Martynenko, Mathieu Mattei, Laurence Maulin, Thierry Mazzoni, Sarah E McDonald, Kenneth A McLean, Cécile Mear-Passard, France Mentré, Alexander J Mentzer, Emmanuelle Mercier, Antoine Merckx, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre, Laura Merson, Roberta Meta, Agnès Meybeck, Alison M Meynert, Vanina Meysonnier, Mehdi Mezidi, Isabelle Michelet, Shona C Moore, Sarah Moore, Lina Morales Cely, Lucia Moro, Clara Mouton Perrot, Julien Moyet, Jimmy Mullaert, Daniel Munblit, Marlène Murris, Srinivas Murthy, Alamin Mustafa, Karl Erik Müller, Fredrik Müller, Ebrahim Ndure, Nadège Neant, Nikita Nekliudov, Anthony Nghi, Duc Nguyen, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Saad Nseir, Elsa Nyamankolly, Anders Benteson Nygaard, Piero L Olliaro, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Peter Openshaw, Claudia Milena Orozco-Chamorro, Paul Otiku, Nadia Ouamara, Rachida Ouissa, Eric Oziol, Justine Pages Maïder Pagadoy, Massimo Palmarini, Carlo Palmieri, Nathalie Pansu, Aurélie Papadopoulos, Jérémie Pasquier, Bruno Pastene, Christelle Paul, William A Paxton, Jean-François Payen, Miguel Pedrera Jiménez, Florent Peelman, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Vincent Peigne, Daniel Perez, Thomas Perpoint, Vincent Pestre, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Frank Olav Pettersen, Gilles Peytavin, Walter Picard, Olivier Picone, Lionel Piroth, Chiara Piubelli, Riinu Pius, Laurent Plantier, Julien Poissy, Ryadh Pokeerbux, Georgios Pollakis, Diane Ponscarme, Sébastien Preau, Mark G Pritchard, Víctor Quirós González, Else Quist-Paulsen, Christian Rabaud, Marie Rafiq, Blandine Rammaert, Christophe Rapp, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sarah Redl, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Anne-Sophie Resseguier, Matthieu Revest, Luis Felipe Reyes, Antonia Ricchiuto, Laurent Richier, Patrick Rispal, Karine Risso, Stephanie Roberts, David L Robertson, Olivier Robineau, Paola Rodari, Amanda Rojek, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque, Mélanie Roriz, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Andrea Rossanese, Patrick Rossignol, Carine Roy, Benoît Roze, Clark D Russell, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Nadia Saidani, Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, Hélène Salvator, Olivier Sanchez, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Pierre-François Sandrine, Benjamine Sarton, Egle Saviciute, Arnaud Scherpereel, Marion Schneider, Janet T Scott, Nicholas Sedillot, Malcolm G Semple, Eric Senneville, Pablo Serrano Balazote, Catherine A Shaw, Victoria Shaw, Nassima Si Mohammed, Jeanne Sibiude, Louise Sigfrid, Dario Sinatti, Vegard Skogen, Sue Smith, Lene Bergendal Solberg, Tom Solomon, Agnès Sommet, Albert Sotto, Edouard Soum, Elisabetta Spinuzza, Shiranee Sriskandan, Sarah Stabler, Trude Steinsvik, Birgitte Stiksrud, David Stuart, Charlotte Summers, Andrey Svistunov, Arne Søraas, Renaud Tamisier, Coralie Tardivon, Pierre Tattevin, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Olivier Terrier, Nicolas Terzi, Vincent Thibault, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Benoît Thill, Emma C Thomson, Mathew Thorpe, Ryan S Thwaites, Vadim Tieroshyn, Peter S Timashev, Jean-François Timsit, Noémie Tissot, Kristian Tonby, Cécile Tromeur, Tiffany Trouillon, Jeanne Truong, Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana, Lance C W Turtle, Anders Tveita, François Téoulé, Timothy M Uyeki, Piero Valentini, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Noémie Vanel, Charline Vauchy, Aurélie Veislinger, Fanny Vuotto, Steve Webb, Jia Wei, Murray Wham, Paul Henri Wicky, Aurélie Wiedemann, Natalie Wright, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Cécile Yelnik, Hodane Yonis, Marion Zabbe, Maria Zambon, David Zucman. | en_US |
| Sponsorship | This work was made possible with the support of the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome [215091/Z/18/Z, 222410/Z/21/Z, 225288/Z/22/Z and 220757/Z/20/Z]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1209135]; the philanthropic support of the donors to the University of Oxford’s COVID-19 Research Response Fund (0009109); grants from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR; award CO-CIN-01/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom), the Medical Research Council (MRC; grant MC_PC_19059), and by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), (award 200907), NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE (award 200927), Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (grant C18616/A25153), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London (award ISBRC-1215-20013), and NIHR Clinical Research Network providing infrastructure support; the Comprehensive Local Research Networks (CLRNs) of which PJMO is an NIHR Senior Investigator (NIHR201385); Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (award NIHR203312); a Research Council of Norway grant no 312780, and a philanthropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S owned by Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner; the South Eastern Norway Health Authority and the Research Council of Norway; Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement No. 115523, COMBACTE, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007- 2013) and EFPIA companies, in-kind contribution; grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Spain; the French COVID cohort (NCT04262921) is sponsored by INSERM and is funded by the REACTing (REsearch & ACtion emergING infectious diseases) consortium and by a grant of the French Ministry of Health (PHRC n°20-0424); Brazil, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Scholarship number 303953/2018-7; Institute for Clinical Research (ICR), National Institutes of Health (NIH) supported by the Ministry of Health Malaysia; and The Universidad de La Sabana (MED309-201). This work was supported by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome [215091/Z/18/Z], the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1209135], the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR; award CO-CIN-01), the Medical Research Council (MRC; grant MC_PC_19059), the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the University of Oxford (NIHR award 200907), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (CSA2022GloPID-R -3387) using UK Aid from the UK Government to support global health research, as part of the EDCTP2 Programme supported by the European Union. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR, the UK Department of Health and Social Care or EDCTP. The Universidad de La Sabana (MED-309-201), the Research Council of Norway (grant number 312780). For the purpose of Open Access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission. | en_US |
| Language | eng | en_US |
| Publisher | BMJ Publishing Group | en_US |
| Rights | open access | en_US |
| Title | Long Covid: a global health issue: a prospective, cohort study set in four continents | en_US |
| Type | Article | en_US |
| DOI | 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015245 | |
| Abstract | Introduction: A proportion of people develop Long Covid after acute COVID-19, but with most studies concentrated in high-income countries (HICs), the global burden is largely unknown. Our study aims to characterise long-term COVID-19 sequelae in populations globally and compare the prevalence of reported symptoms in HICs and low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: A prospective, observational study in 17 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America, including adults with confirmed COVID-19 assessed at 2 to <6 and 6 to <12 months post-hospital discharge. A standardised case report form developed by International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium's Global COVID-19 Follow-up working group evaluated the frequency of fever, persistent symptoms, breathlessness (MRC dyspnoea scale), fatigue and impact on daily activities. Results: Of 11 860 participants (median age: 52 (IQR: 41-62) years; 52.1% females), 56.5% were from HICs and 43.5% were from LMICs. The proportion identified with Long Covid was significantly higher in HICs vs LMICs at both assessment time points (69.0% vs 45.3%, p<0.001; 69.7% vs 42.4%, p<0.001). Participants in HICs were more likely to report not feeling fully recovered (54.3% vs 18.0%, p<0.001; 56.8% vs 40.1%, p<0.001), fatigue (42.9% vs 27.9%, p<0.001; 41.6% vs 27.9%, p<0.001), new/persistent fever (19.6% vs 2.1%, p<0.001; 20.3% vs 2.0%, p<0.001) and have a higher prevalence of anxiety/depression and impact on usual activities compared with participants in LMICs at 2 to <6 and 6 to <12 months post-COVID-19 hospital discharge, respectively. Conclusion: Our data show that Long Covid affects populations globally, manifesting similar symptomatology and impact on functioning in both HIC and LMICs. The prevalence was higher in HICs versus LMICs. Although we identified a lower prevalence, the impact of Long Covid may be greater in LMICs if there is a lack of support systems available in HICs. Further research into the aetiology of Long Covid and the burden in LMICs is critical to implement effective, accessible treatment and support strategies to improve COVID-19 outcomes for all. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Oxford. Nuffield Department of Medicine. Pandemic Sciences Institute. ISARIC Global Support Centre. Oxford, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Oxford. Nuffield Department of Medicine. Pandemic Sciences Institute. ISARIC Global Support Centre. Oxford, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidad de La Sabana. School of Medicine. Unisabana Center for Translational Science. Chia, Colombia / Universidad de La Sabana. Clinica. Chia, Colombia. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University Hospital of North Norway. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care. Tromso, Troms, Norway / UiT The Arctic University of Norway. Faculty of Health Sciences. Department of Clinical Medicine. Tromso, Troms, Norway. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Genesis Analytics Pty Ltd. Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa / National Institute for Communicable Diseases. Johannesburg, South Africa. | en_US |
| Affilliation | National Institute for Communicable Diseases. Johannesburg, South Africa. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Oslo University Hospital. Department of Microbiology. Oslo, Norway / University of Oslo. Institute of Clinical Medicine. Oslo, Norway. | en_US |
| Affilliation | UK Health Security Agency. London, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Gibraltar Health Authority. Gibraltar, Gibraltar. | en_US |
| Affilliation | The Norwegian Corona Cohort. Oslo, Norway. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University Hospital of Parma. Clinical & Epidemiological Research Unit. Parma, Italy. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Brescia. Radiological Sciences and Public Health. Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties. Brescia, Italy / Spedali Civili University Hospital. Department of Emergency. Brescia, Italy. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Medicina Intensiva. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / D'Or Institute for Research and Education. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Bar-Ilan University The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine. Safed, Northern District, Israel. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Surrey. Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences. Guildford, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Oxford. Nuffield Department of Population Health. Oxford, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Lugansk State Medical University. Department of Internal Medicine No 2. Rivne, Ukraine. | en_US |
| Affilliation | São João Hospital Centre. Porto, Portugal. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Sunway Medical Centre. Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Terna Specialty Hospital and Research Centre. Mumbai, India. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Medicine. Oxford, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidad de La Sabana. Chia, Colombia. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Universidad de La Sabana. Chia, Colombia. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Long COVID Support. London, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Long COVID Support. London, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Oxford. Nuffield Department of Medicine. Pandemic Sciences Institute. ISARIC Global Support Centre. Oxford, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | Harvard University. Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology. The Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics. Oxford, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Oxford. Nuffield Department of Medicine. Pandemic Sciences Institute. ISARIC Global Support Centre. Oxford, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Oxford. Pandemic Sciences Institute. Oxford, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Oxford. Nuffield Department of Medicine. Pandemic Sciences Institute. ISARIC Global Support Centre. Oxford, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Liverpool. Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences. Institute of Infection. NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections. Liverpool, UK / Liverpool Institute for Child Health and Wellbeing. Alder Hey Children's Hospital. Liverpool, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Glasgow. University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research. MRC. Glasgow, UK / RD&I and COVID Recovery Service. NHS Highland. Inverness, UK. | en_US |
| Affilliation | King's College London. Midwifery and Palliative Care. Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing. Division of Care in Long Term Conditions. London, UK / I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. Institute of Child's Health. Department of Paediatrics and Paediatric Infectious Diseases. Moskva, Moskva, Russian Federation. | en_US |
| Affilliation | University of Oxford. Nuffield Department of Medicine. Pandemic Sciences Institute. ISARIC Global Support Centre. Oxford, UK. | en_US |
| Subject | COVID-19 | en_US |
| Subject | Cohort study | en_US |
| Subject | Epidemiology | en_US |
| Subject | Global health | en_US |
| Subject | Public health | en_US |
| e-ISSN | 2059-7908 |
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