Immature phlebotomine sand flies develop in soils with essential and ideal characteristics for their life cycle, such as organic matter, humidity, temperature and low levels of light. Information regarding the potential breeding places of these dipterans is fundamental to understand the epidemiology and ecologyof leishmaniasis, in addition to its importance to control them. In the present study, we aimed to findnatural breeding sites of sand flies on Marambaia Island with the aid of emergence traps and direct search of immature forms using the flotation technique with saturated sugar solution in organic substrates of theregion. Both methods were effective, with a total of 42 specimens of six different species – including somespecies that participate in the transmission cycle of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis – collected by the emergence traps, and five immature forms obtained by floatation technique. However, furtherstudies are still necessary, mainly with respect to the ecology and biology of immature sandfly stages,so that control measures focused on breeding sites can produce positive sustainable results in natural environments.