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EVIDENCE FOR THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO SYMPATRIC SIBLING SPECIES WITHIN THE ANOPHELES (KERTESZIA) CRUZII COMPLEX IN SOUTHEAST BRAZIL AND THE DETECTION OF ASYMMETRIC INTROGRESSION BETWEEN THEM USING A MULTILOCUS ANALYSIS
Affilliation
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Polo de Xerém. Xerem, RJ, Brasil/ Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. CCB. Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. CCB. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. CCB. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Abstract
Background: Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii (Diptera: Culicidae) is a primary vector of human and simian malaria
parasites in southern and southeastern Brazil. Earlier studies using chromosome inversions, isoenzymes and a
number of molecular markers have suggested that An. cruzii is a species complex.
Results: In this study, a multilocus approach using six loci, three circadian clock genes and three encoding
ribosomal proteins, was carried out to investigate in more detail the genetic differentiation between the An. cruzii
populations from Florianópolis–Santa Catarina (southern Brazil) and Itatiaia–Rio de Janeiro States (southeastern
Brazil). The analyses were performed first comparing Florianópolis and Itatiaia, and then comparing the two putative
sympatric incipient species from Itatiaia (Itatiaia A and Itatiaia B). The analysis revealed high FST values between
Florianópolis and Itatiaia (considering Itatiaia A and B together) and also between the sympatric Itatiaia A and
Itatiaia B, irrespective of their function. Also, using the IM program, no strong indication of migration was found
between Florianópolis and Itatiaia (considering Itatiaia A and B together) using all loci together, but between Itatiaia
A and Itatiaia B, the results show evidence of migration only in the direction of Itatiaia B.
Conclusions: The results of the multilocus analysis indicate that Florianópolis and Itatiaia represent different species
of the An. cruzii complex that diverged around 0.6 Mya, and also that the Itatiaia sample is composed of two
sympatric incipient species A and B, which diverged around 0.2 Mya. Asymmetric introgression was found between
the latter two species despite strong divergence in some loc.
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