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CHARACTERIZATION OF YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA BIOTYPE 1A STRAINS ISOLATED FROM SWINE SLAUGHTERHOUSES AND MARKETS
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Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is an important foodborne pathogen that causes illness in humans and animals. Y. enterocolitica is also the
most heterogeneous species of the genus and is divided into distinct serotypes and over six biotypes. Y. enterocolitica biotype
1A strains are classically considered as nonpathogenic; however, some biotype 1A isolates have been considered as causative of
gastrointestinal disease, yielding symptoms indistinguishable from those produced by pathogenic biotypes. Even after decades
of isolation of clinical strains, the pathogenic mechanisms of these isolates are still not fully understood. In the present study,
122 Yersinia enterocolitica biotype 1A strains isolated from swine slaughterhouses and meat markets in Sao Paulo, Brazil, were
characterized according to the presence of the virulence genes ail, virF, and ystA. A total of 94 strains were positive to at least
one virulence gene (77.05%), and 67 were positive to all of them (54.92%). Twenty-two strains were submitted to PFGE genotyping
resulting in22distinct pulsotypes, varying from50%to84%of genetic similarity.Any clustering tendency among pulsotypes related
to origin, isolation site, or even virulence profile was not observed. The present study reports an important contamination of the
environment in swine slaughterhouses, meat markets, and pork, by potentially virulent Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A.
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