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HEPATITIS A VIRUS: HOST INTERACTIONS, MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Molecular epidemiology
Genetic relatedness
Genotype
Molecular evolution
Host factors
Author
Affilliation
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral Hepatitis. Atlanta, GA, USA.
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the commonest viral cause of liver disease and presents an
important public health problem worldwide. Several unique HAV properties and molecular mechanisms
of its interaction with host were recently discovered and should aid in clarifying the pathogenesis of hepatitis
A. Genetic characterization of HAV strains have resulted in the identification of different genotypes
and subtypes, which exhibit a characteristic worldwide distribution. Shifts in HAV endemicity occurring
in different parts of the world, introduction of genetically diverse strains from geographically distant
regions, genotype displacement observed in some countries and population expansion detected in the
last decades of the 20th century using phylogenetic analysis are important factors contributing to the
complex dynamics of HAV infections worldwide. Strong selection pressures, some of which, like usage
of deoptimized codons, are unique to HAV, limit genetic variability of the virus. Analysis of subgenomic
regions has been proven useful for outbreak investigations. However, sharing short sequences among epidemiologically
unrelated strains indicates that specific identification of HAV strains for molecular surveillance
can be achieved only using whole-genome sequences. Here, we present up-to-date information on
the HAV molecular epidemiology and evolution, and highlight the most relevant features of the HAV-host
interactions.
Keywords
Hepatitis A virusMolecular epidemiology
Genetic relatedness
Genotype
Molecular evolution
Host factors
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