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YELLOW FEVER 17DD VACCINE VIRUS INFECTION CAUSES DETECTABLE CHANGES IN CHICKEN EMBRYOS
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Abstract
The yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine is one of the most effective human vaccines ever created.
The YF vaccine has been produced since 1937 in embryonated chicken eggs inoculated
with the YF 17D virus. Yet, little information is available about the infection mechanism
of YF 17DD virus in this biological model. To better understand this mechanism, we infected
embryos of Gallus gallus domesticus and analyzed their histopathology after 72 hours of
YF infection. Some embryos showed few apoptotic bodies in infected tissues, suggesting
mild focal infection processes. Confocal and super-resolution microscopic analysis allowed
us to identify as targets of viral infection: skeletal muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, nervous
system cells, renal tubular epithelium, lung parenchyma, and fibroblasts associated with
connective tissue in the perichondrium and dermis. The virus replication was heaviest in
muscle tissues. In all of these specimens, RT-PCR methods confirmed the presence of replicative
intermediate and genomic YF RNA. This clearer characterization of cell targets in
chicken embryos paves the way for future development of a new YF vaccine based on a
new cell culture system.
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