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2030-01-01
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- IOC - Artigos de Periódicos [12791]
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HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION FROM AN EVOLUTIONARY POINT OF VIEW: HOW VIRAL, HOST, AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS SHAPE GENOTYPES AND SUBGENOTYPES
Modos de transmissão
Seleção natural
Virulência
Genótipos
Genotypes and subgenotypes
Modes of transmission
Natural selection
Virulence
Affilliation
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação em Ensino e Filosofia das Biociências - LAEFiB. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM, U1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, UCBL1 S_1052, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69003. Lyon, France.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação em Ensino e Filosofia das Biociências - LAEFiB. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM, U1052, CNRS, UMR 5286, UCBL1 S_1052, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69003. Lyon, France.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has an overwhelming distribution in the world and causes important human health problems. It has infected one-third of the global population and more than 350 million people are chronic carriers. Several aspects of HBV infection confer adaptive advantages that lead to a highly efficient dissemination of the virus through different routes of transmission. HBV genotypes and subgenotypes have been associated with differences in clinical and virological characteristics, indicating that they may play a role in the virus-host relationship. In particular, a clear association between genotype A and chronic outcomes in both children and adults depending on the subgenotype involved, and between genotype C and a higher risk of complications from HBV infection, has been demonstrated. Interestingly, subgenotype A2 and genotype C are respectively likely to predominate in high-risk groups for sexual transmission and in areas where perinatal transmission is the major mode of HBV dissemination. An evolutionary approach to HBV infection, based on the principles of natural selection, may offer explanations for how modes of transmission may favor some genotypes and subgenotypes over others and, ultimately, influence HBV virulence.
Keywords in Portuguese
Vírus da Hepatite BModos de transmissão
Seleção natural
Virulência
Genótipos
Keywords
Hepatitis B virusGenotypes and subgenotypes
Modes of transmission
Natural selection
Virulence
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