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EFFECT OF AN INTERVENTION IN STORM DRAINS TO PREVENT AEDES AEGYPTI REPRODUCTION IN SALVADOR, BRAZIL
Entomologia
Arbovírus
Vetores de insetos
Vetores de doença
Mosquitos
Aedes aegypti
Tempestade
Bacia
Entomology
Arboviruses
Insect vectors
Disease vectors
Mosquitoes
Aedes aegypti
Storm drain
Catch basin
Author
Affilliation
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Pedagógica de Moçambique. Quelimane, Zambézia, Mozambique
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Galveston, TX, USA
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Galveston, TX, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Emory University. Department of Environmental Sciences. Atlanta, GA, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Pedagógica de Moçambique. Quelimane, Zambézia, Mozambique
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Galveston, TX, USA
University of Texas Medical Branch. Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Galveston, TX, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Emory University. Department of Environmental Sciences. Atlanta, GA, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil
Abstract
Aedes aegypti, the principal vector for dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses, is a synanthropic species that uses stagnant water to complete its reproductive cycle. In urban settings, rainfall water draining structures, such as storm drains, may retain water and serve as a larval development site for Aedes spp. reproduction. Herein, we describe the effect of a community-based intervention on preventing standing water accumulation in storm drains and their consequent infestation by adult and immature Ae. aegypti and other mosquitoes. Methods: Between April and May of 2016, local residents association of Salvador, Brazil, after being informed of
water accumulation and Ae. aegypti infestation in the storm drains in their area, performed an intervention on 52
storm drains. The intervention consisted of placing concrete at the bottom of the storm drains to elevate their
base to the level of the outflow tube, avoiding water accumulation, and placement of a metal mesh covering the
outflow tube to avoid its clogging with debris. To determine the impact of the intervention, we compared the
frequency at which the 52 storm drains contained water, as well as adult and immature mosquitoes using data
from two surveys performed before and two surveys performed after the intervention.
Results: During the pre-intervention period, water accumulated in 48 (92.3%) of the storm drains, and immature
Ae. aegypti were found in 11 (21.2%) and adults in 10 (19.2%). After the intervention, water accumulated in 5 (9.6%)
of the storm drains (P < 0.001), none (0.0%) had immatures (P < 0.001), and 3 (5.8%) contained adults (P = 0.039).
The total number of Ae. aegypti immatures collected decreased from 109 to 0 (P < 0.001) and adults decreased
from 37 to 8 (P = 0.011) after the intervention. Collection of immature and adult non-Aedes mosquitoes (mainly
Culex spp.) in the storm drains also decreased after the intervention.
Conclusion: This study exemplifies how a simple intervention targeting storm drains can result in a major reduction of
water retention, and, consequently, impact Ae. aegypti larval populations. Larger and multi-center evaluations are needed
to confirm the potential of citywide structural modifications of storm drains to reduce Aedes spp. infestation level.
Keywords in Portuguese
EpidemiologiaEntomologia
Arbovírus
Vetores de insetos
Vetores de doença
Mosquitos
Aedes aegypti
Tempestade
Bacia
Keywords
EpidemiologyEntomology
Arboviruses
Insect vectors
Disease vectors
Mosquitoes
Aedes aegypti
Storm drain
Catch basin
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