Chagas disease is a major public health problem in Latin America. At present, Bolivia has the highest rate of vector and congenital transmission, and the old rural profile of the disease is changing rapidly into urban. Recent epidemiologic data indicates that all the capital cities of the 9 Bolivian departments still have new cases of Chagas disease in children under fifteen years. However, good news came from Bolivia: the Chagas control program has reduced importantly the rate of infection. We present a brief review on the Chagas disease literature concerning Bolivia and discuss the present problems and challenges in epidemiology, vector distribution, clinical management, congenital transmission and drug treatment.