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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BEHAVIOR, GLYCOGEN CONTENT, AND MORTALITY IN LIMNOPERNA FORTUNEI (DUNKER, 1857) (BIVALVIA: MYTILIDAE)
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Abstract
Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857) is a freshwater mussel with physiological tolerance to different environmental conditions,
which may explain its success as an invasive species. The role of abiotic factors in its establishment, abundance and projections of
risk of further spread into several areas has been studied. These mussels may respond to multiple environmental stressors, such as
temperature, through physiological mechanisms, behavioral responses, mortality or some combination of these. The aim of this
study was to investigate the behavioral responses (valve closing), glycogen concentrations and mortality of L. fortunei under four
different temperatures (5°C, 10°C, 20°C and 30°C) during a chronic test (30 days). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was
used to compare glycogen concentrations across days of the experiment and at the different temperatures. Differences in valveclosing
behavior and mortality among temperatures were tested using repeated-measures ANOVA. We observed that most of the
mussels maintained at 5°C closed their valves (74.7±15.3%), indicating that they remain inactive at low temperatures. The glycogen
levels significantly differed among the temperatures tested. These differences occurred mainly due to the high glycogen values
observed in mussels exposed to 10°C. Stability in glycogen concentrations was observed within each particular temperature. The
cumulative mortality was higher at extreme temperatures (5°C and 30°C). The ideal temperature for laboratory maintenance and
tests is approximately 20°C. Our data also show that L. fortunei can survive and maintain their energy reserves (glycogen) for
several days at 5°C, an important feature related to its invasion success.
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