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THE CASE FOR ADOPTING THE "SPECIES COMPLEX" NOMENCLATURE FOR THE ETIOLOGIC AGENTS OF CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
Kwon-Chung, Kyung J. et al. | Date Issued: 2017
Author
Kwon-Chung, Kyung J.
Bennett, John E.
Wickes, Brian L.
Meyer, Wieland
Cuomo, Christina A.
Wollenburg, Kurt R.
Bicanic, Tihana A.
Castañeda, Elizabeth
Chang, Yun C.
Chen, Jianghan
Cogliati, Massimo
Dromer, Françoise
Ellis, David
Filler, Scott G.
Fisher, Matthew C.
Harrison, Thomas S.
Holland, Steven M.
Kohno, Shigeru
Kronstad, James W.
Lazera, Marcia
Levitz, Stuart M.
Lionakis, Michail S.
May, Robin C.
Ngamskulrongroj, Popchai
Pappas, Peter G.
Perfect, John R.
Rickerts, Volker
Sorrell, Tania C.
Walsh, Thomas J.
Williamson, Peter R.
Xu, Jianping
Zelazny, Adrian M.
Casadevall, Arturo
Affilliation
Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases. NIAID, NIH. Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases. NIAID, NIH. Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory. University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia / Westmead Institute for Medical Research Westmead. New South Wales, Australia.
Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology. NIAID, NIH. Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Institute of Infection and Immunity. St. George's University of London. London, United Kingdom.
Colombia Instituto Nacional de Salud. Bogota, Colombia.
Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases. NIAID, NIH. Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Mycology Center. Changzheng Hospital. Second Military Medical University. Shanghai, China.
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute. Università degli Studi di Milano. Milan, Italy.
Institut Pasteur. Molecular Mycology Unit. Paris, France.
School of Biological Sciences. University of Adelaide. Adelaide, Australia.
Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute. Harbor-UCLA Medical Center. Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology. Imperial College London. London, United Kingdom.
Institute of Infection and Immunity. St. George's University of London. London, United Kingdom.
Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases. NIAID, NIH. Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Nagasaki University. Nagasaki, Japan.
Michael Smith Laboratories. University of British Columbia. Vancouver, Canada.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Department of Medicine. University of Massachusetts Medical School. Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases. NIAID, NIH. Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Institute of Microbiology and Infection and School of Biosciences. University of Birmingham. Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Faculty of Medicine. Siriraj Hospital. Mahidol University. Bangkok, Thailand.
Division of Infectious Diseases. University of Alabama at Birmingham. Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
Duke University School of Medicine. Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Robert Koch Institut. Berlin, Germany.
Westmead Institute for Medical Research. Westmead, New South Wales. Australia / Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity. University of Sydney. Sydney, Australia.
Departments of Medicine. Pediatrics, and Microbiology and Immunology. Weill Cornell Medicine. New York, NY, USA.
Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases. NIAID, NIH. Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Biology. McMaster University, Hamilton. Ontario, Canada, and Hainan Medical College. Haikou, Hainan, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine. Clinical Center NIH. Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
Cryptococcosis is a potentially lethal disease of humans/animals caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Distinction between the two species is based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Recently, it was proposed that C. neoformans be divided into two species and C. gattii into five species based on a phylogenetic analysis of 115 isolates. While this proposal adds to the knowledge about the genetic diversity and population structure of cryptococcosis agents, the published genotypes of 2,606 strains have already revealed more genetic diversity than is encompassed by seven species. Naming every clade as a separate species at this juncture will lead to continuing nomenclatural instability. In the absence of biological differences between clades and no consensus about how DNA sequence alone can delineate a species, we recommend using "Cryptococcus neoformans species complex" and "C. gattii species complex" as a practical intermediate step, rather than creating more species. This strategy recognizes genetic diversity without creating confusion.
Keywords
Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus gatti
Cryptococcus neoformans
Clade
Genetic diversity
New nomenclature
Species complex
 
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
Citation
KWON-CHUNG, Kyung J. et al. The Case for adopting the “species complex” nomenclature for the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis. mSphere, v. 2, n. 1, p. 1-7, Jan./Feb. 2017.
DOI
10.1128/mSphere.00357-16
ISSN
2379-5042