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EMERGENCE OF THE EAST-CENTRAL-SOUTH-AFRICAN GENOTYPE OF CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS IN BRAZIL AND THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO MAY HAVE OCCURRED YEARS BEFORE SURVEILLANCE DETECTION
Thiago Moreno L. Souza1,5,11, Yasmine RangelVieira1, Edson Delatorre 3, Giselle BarbosaLima1, Raul Leal Faria Luiz1, AlexandreVizzoni 1, Komal Jain2, Milene Mesquita Miranda4, Nishit Bhuva2, Jan Gogarten2,12,13, James Ng2, RiddhiThakkar2, Andrea SurrageCalheiros5, Ana PaulaTeixeira Monteiro5, PatríciaT. Bozza5, FernandoA. Bozza1,6, DiogoA.Tschoeke7, Luciana Leomil7, MarcosCesar Lima de Mendonça8, Cintia Damasceno dos Santos Rodrigues8, MariaC.Torres8, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis8, Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira8, Fabiano L.Thompson7,9, Cristina Lemos10, Betina Durovni10, José Cerbino-Neto1, Carlos M. Morel 11, W. Ian Lipkin 2 & Nischay Mishra 2 1 Instituto Nacional de Infectologia (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2 Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 3 Laboratório de AIDS e imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 4 Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 5 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 6 D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 7 Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 8 Laboratório de Flavivírus, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 9 SAGE/COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 10Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 11National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 12Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. 13Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Brazil, which is hyperendemic for dengue virus (DENV), has had recent Zika (ZIKV) and (CHIKV) Chikungunya virus outbreaks. Since March 2016, CHIKV is the arbovirus infection most frequently diagnosed in Rio de Janeiro. In the analysis of 1835 syndromic patients, screened by real time RT-PCR, 56.4% of the cases were attributed to CHIKV, 29.6% to ZIKV, and 14.1% to DENV-4. Sequence analyses of CHIKV from sixteen samples revealed that the East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotype of CHIKV has been circulating in Brazil since 2013 [95% bayesian credible interval (BCI): 03/2012-10/2013], almost a year before it was detected by arbovirus surveillance program. Brazilian cases are related to Central African Republic sequences from 1980’s. To the best of our knowledge, given the available sequence published here and elsewhere, the ECSA genotype was likely introduced to Rio de Janeiro early on 2014 (02/2014; BCI: 07/2013-08/2014) through a single event, after primary circulation in the Bahia state at the Northestern Brazil in the previous year. The observation that the ECSA genotype of CHIKV was circulating undetected underscores the need for improvements in molecular methods for viral surveillance.
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Nature Research
Citation
SOUZA, Thiago Moreno L. et al. Emergence of the East-CentralSouth-African genotype of Chikungunya virus in Brazil and the city of Rio de Janeiro may have occurred years before surveillance detection. Scientific Reports, v. 9, n. 2760, p. 1-7, 2019.DOI
10.1038/s41598-019-39406-9ISSN
2045-2322Notes
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas - Thiago Moreno L. Souza; Yasmine Rangel Vieira; Giselle Barbosa Lima, Raul Leal Faria Luiz; Alexandre Vizzon; Fernando A. Bozza; José Cerbino-Neto. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Edson Delatorre. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde. Thiago Moreno L. Souza; Carlos M. Morel.Thiago Moreno L. Souza1,5,11, Yasmine RangelVieira1, Edson Delatorre 3, Giselle BarbosaLima1, Raul Leal Faria Luiz1, AlexandreVizzoni 1, Komal Jain2, Milene Mesquita Miranda4, Nishit Bhuva2, Jan Gogarten2,12,13, James Ng2, RiddhiThakkar2, Andrea SurrageCalheiros5, Ana PaulaTeixeira Monteiro5, PatríciaT. Bozza5, FernandoA. Bozza1,6, DiogoA.Tschoeke7, Luciana Leomil7, MarcosCesar Lima de Mendonça8, Cintia Damasceno dos Santos Rodrigues8, MariaC.Torres8, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis8, Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira8, Fabiano L.Thompson7,9, Cristina Lemos10, Betina Durovni10, José Cerbino-Neto1, Carlos M. Morel 11, W. Ian Lipkin 2 & Nischay Mishra 2 1 Instituto Nacional de Infectologia (INI), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 2 Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 3 Laboratório de AIDS e imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 4 Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 5 Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 6 D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 7 Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 8 Laboratório de Flavivírus, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 9 SAGE/COPPE, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 10Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 11National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 12Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany. 13Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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