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MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY REVEALS GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONGST ISOLATES OF THE CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS/C. GATTII SPECIES COMPLEX IN THAILAND
Kaocharoen, Sirada et al. | Date Issued: 2013
Author
Kaocharoen, Sirada
Ngamskulrungroj, Popchai
Firacative, Carolina
Trilles, Luciana
Piyabongkarn, Dumrongdej
Banlunara, Wijit
Poonwan, Natteewan
Chaiprasert, Angkana
Meyer, Wieland
Chindamporn, Ariya
Affilliation
Chulalongkorn University. Faculty of Medicine. King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Mycology Laboratory. Bangkok, Thailand / University of Sydney. Sydney Medical School. Westmead Hospital. Westmead Millennium Institute. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory. Sydney, NSW, Australia.
University of Sydney. Sydney Medical School. Westmead Hospital. Westmead Millennium Institute. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory. Sydney, NSW, Australia / Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. Department of Microbiology. Bangkok, Thailand.
University of Sydney. Sydney Medical School. Westmead Hospital. Westmead Millennium Institute. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory. Sydney, NSW, Australia / Instituto Nacional de Salud. Grupo de Microbiología. Bogotá, Colombia.
University of Sydney. Sydney Medical School. Westmead Hospital. Westmead Millennium Institute. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory. Sydney, NSW, Australia / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Micologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Chulalongkorn University. Faculty of Medicine. King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Mycology Laboratory. Bangkok, Thailand.
Chulalongkorn University. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Department of Pathology. Bangkok, Thailand.
National Institute of Health. Mycology Laboratory. Nonthaburi, Thailand.
Mahidol University. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. Department of Microbiology. Bangkok, Thailand.
University of Sydney. Sydney Medical School. Westmead Hospital. Westmead Millennium Institute. Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology. Molecular Mycology Research Laboratory. Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Chulalongkorn University. Faculty of Medicine. King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Mycology Laboratory. Bangkok, Thailand.
Abstract
To gain a more detailed picture of cryptococcosis in Thailand, a retrospective study of 498 C. neoformans and C. gattii isolates has been conducted. Among these, 386, 83 and 29 strains were from clinical, environmental and veterinary sources, respectively. A total of 485 C. neoformans and 13 C. gattii strains were studied. The majority of the strains (68.9%) were isolated from males (mean age of 37.97 years), 88.5% of C. neoformans and only 37.5% of C. gattii strains were from HIV patients. URA5-RFLP and/or M13 PCR-fingerprinting analysis revealed that the majority of the isolates were C. neoformans molecular type VNI regardless of their sources (94.8%; 94.6% of the clinical, 98.8% of the environmental and 86.2% of the veterinary isolates). In addition, the molecular types VNII (2.4%; 66.7% of the clinical and 33.3% of the veterinary isolates), VNIV (0.2%; 100% environmental isolate), VGI (0.2%; 100% clinical isolate) and VGII (2.4%; 100% clinical isolates) were found less frequently. Multilocus Sequence Type (MLST) analysis using the ISHAM consensus MLST scheme for the C. neoformans/C. gattii species complex identified a total of 20 sequence types (ST) in Thailand combining current and previous data. The Thai isolates are an integrated part of the global cryptococcal population genetic structure, with ST30 for C. gattii and ST82, ST83, ST137, ST141, ST172 and ST173 for C. neoformans being unique to Thailand. Most of the C. gattii isolates were ST7 = VGIIb, which is identical to the less virulent minor Vancouver island outbreak genotype, indicating Thailand as a stepping stone in the global spread of this outbreak strain. The current study revealed a greater genetic diversity and a wider range of major molecular types being present amongst Thai cryptococcal isolates than previously reported.
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Citation
KAOCHAROEN, Sirada et al. Molecular epidemiology reveals genetic diversity amongst isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complex in Thailand. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, v. 7, n. 7, p. 1-9, July 2013.
DOI
10.1371/journal.pntd.0002297
ISSN
1935-2727