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2051-01-01
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CD4+ CELL COUNT STRATIFICATION TO GUIDE TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTIVE THERAPY FOR PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV
Latent tuberculosis infection
Tuberculin skin testing
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis preventive therapy
Author
Affilliation
Department of Epidemiology. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Municipal Health Secretariat. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Medicine. Center for Tuberculosis Research. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Linksbridge SPC. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Municipal Health Secretariat, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Epidemiology. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Baltimore, Maryland, USA / Department of Medicine. Center for Tuberculosis Research. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Department of Epidemiology. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Baltimore, Maryland, USA / Department of Medicine. Center for Tuberculosis Research. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Estudos Estratégicos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Municipal Health Secretariat, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Municipal Health Secretariat. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Medicine. Center for Tuberculosis Research. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Linksbridge SPC. Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Municipal Health Secretariat, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Epidemiology. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Baltimore, Maryland, USA / Department of Medicine. Center for Tuberculosis Research. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Department of Epidemiology. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Baltimore, Maryland, USA / Department of Medicine. Center for Tuberculosis Research. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Estudos Estratégicos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Municipal Health Secretariat, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Abstract
Objectives: In 2018, Brazilian guidelines changed to recommend tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy for all people with HIV and a CD4þ cell count 350 cells/ml or less, but only for those with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) if CD4þ cell count is than 350 cells/ml. We determined the potential effectiveness of CD4þ-based guidelines for TB testing and preventive therapy. Design: Secondary analysis of the stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized THRio trial for isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT).
Methods: We analyzed data from 4114 newly registered patients with HIV in 29 clinics followed until TB diagnosis, death, or administrative censoring. We compared incidence rates of TB and TB/death between CD4þ, TST, IPT, and antiretroviral therapy categories. Results: Initial CD4þ cell count was 350 cells/ml or less in 2138 (52%) and more than 350 cells/mlin 1976 (48%) patients. TST was performed for 2922 (71%), ofwhom657(16%)
were TST-positive [278 (13%) CD4þ 350 vs. 379 (19%) CD4þ > 350]. A total of 619 (15%) received IPT and 2806 (68%) received antiretroviral therapy. For patients with CD4þ cellcount 350 cells/mlor less who did not receive IPT, the incidence rate of TB was 1.79/100 person-years (pys) and TB/death was 3.89/100 pys. For patients with CD4þ cell count more than 350 who did not receive IPT, the incidence rates of TB and TB/death were 0.57/100 and 1.49/100 pys for TST-negatives, and 1.05/100 and 1.64/100 pys for TST-unknowns. Conclusion: TB incidence was high among all patients who did not receive IPT, including those with CD4þ cell count more than 350 cells/ml and negative or unknown TST results. TB preventive therapy should be provided to all people living with HIV in medium burden settings, regardless of CD4þ cell count and TST status.
Keywords
HIVLatent tuberculosis infection
Tuberculin skin testing
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis preventive therapy
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