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NEIGHBOR DANGER: YELLOW FEVER VIRUS EPIZOOTICS IN URBAN AND URBAN-RURAL TRANSITION AREAS OF MINAS GERAIS STATE, DURING 2017-2018 YELLOW FEVER OUTBREAKS IN BRAZIL.
Yellow fever vírus
Marmosets
Urban environments
Primates
Rural áreas
Brazil
Mammalian genomics
Author
Sacchetto, Lívia
Silva, Natalia Ingrid Oliveira
Rezende, Izabela Maurício de
Arruda, Matheus Soares
Costa, Thais Alkifeles
Mello, Érica Munhoz de
Oliveira, Gabriela Fernanda Garcia
Alves, Pedro Augusto
Mendonça, Vítor Emídio de
Stumpp, Rodolfo German Antonelli Vidal
Prado, Alaine Izabela Alves
Paglia, Adriano Pereira
Perini, Fernando Araújo
Nogueira, Maurício Lacerda
Kroon, Erna Geessien
Thoisy, Benoit de
Trindade, Giliane de Souza
Drumond, Betânia Paiva
Silva, Natalia Ingrid Oliveira
Rezende, Izabela Maurício de
Arruda, Matheus Soares
Costa, Thais Alkifeles
Mello, Érica Munhoz de
Oliveira, Gabriela Fernanda Garcia
Alves, Pedro Augusto
Mendonça, Vítor Emídio de
Stumpp, Rodolfo German Antonelli Vidal
Prado, Alaine Izabela Alves
Paglia, Adriano Pereira
Perini, Fernando Araújo
Nogueira, Maurício Lacerda
Kroon, Erna Geessien
Thoisy, Benoit de
Trindade, Giliane de Souza
Drumond, Betânia Paiva
Affilliation
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte. Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Instituto René Rachou. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Minas., Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Zoology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Genetics. Ecology and Evolution. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Genetics. Ecology and Evolution. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Genetics. Ecology and Evolution. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Zoology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Dermatological. Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Institut Pasteur de la Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte. Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Instituto René Rachou. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Minas., Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Zoology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Genetics. Ecology and Evolution. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Genetics. Ecology and Evolution. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Genetics. Ecology and Evolution. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Zoology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Dermatological. Infectious and Parasitic Diseases. Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto. São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Institut Pasteur de la Guyane. Cayenne, French Guiana
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Microbiology. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Abstract
Background: From the end of 2016 until the beginning of 2019, Brazil faced a massive sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreak. The 2016–2019 YF epidemics affected densely populated areas, especially the Southeast region, causing thousands of deaths of humans and non-human primates (NHP). Methodology/Principal findings: We conducted a molecular investigation of yellow fever virus (YFV) RNA in 781 NHP carcasses collected in the urban, urban-rural interface, and rural areas of Minas Gerais state, from January 2017 to December 2018. Samples were analyzed according to the period of sampling, NHP genera, sampling areas, and sampling areas/NHP genera to compare the proportions of YFV-positive carcasses and the estimated YFV genomic loads. YFV infection was confirmed in 38.1% of NHP carcasses (including specimens of the genera Alouatta, Callicebus, Callithrix, and Sapajus), from the urban, urban-rural interface, and rural areas. YFV RNA detection was positively associated with epidemic periods (especially from December to March) and the rural environment. Higher median viral genomic loads (one million times) were estimated in carcasses collected in rural areas compared to urban ones. Conclusions/Significance: The results showed the wide occurrence of YF in Minas Gerais in epidemic and non-epidemic periods. According to the sylvatic pattern of YF, a gradient of viral dissemination from rural towards urban areas was observed. A high YF positivity was observed for NHP carcasses collected in urban areas with a widespread occurrence in 67 municipalities of Minas Gerais, including large urban centers. Although there was no documented case of urban/Aedes YFV transmission to humans in Brazil during the 2016–2019 outbreaks, YFV-infected NHP in urban areas with high infestation by Aedes aegypti poses risks for YFV urban/Aedes transmission and urbanization.
Keywords
Urban áreasYellow fever vírus
Marmosets
Urban environments
Primates
Rural áreas
Brazil
Mammalian genomics
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