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DRINKING WATER POLLUTANTS MAY AFFECT THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: CONCERNS REGARDING COVID-19 HEALTH EFFECTS
SARS-CoV-2
Immune response
Cytokines
PFAS, Plastic components and plasticizers
Metals
Affilliation
Florida International University. Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Abstract
The current coronavirus pandemic is leading to significant impacts on the planet, changing our way of life. Although the COVID19 virus mechanisms of action and pathogenesis are still under extensive research, immune system effects are evident, leading, in many cases, to respiratory distress. Although apparent pollution reduction has been noticed by the population, environmental and human health impacts due to the increased use of plastic waste and disinfectants is concerning. One of the main routes of human exposure to pollutants is through drinking water. Thus, this point of view discusses some major contaminants in drinking water known to be immunotoxic, exploring sources and drinking water routes and emphasizing the known mechanisms of action that could likely compromise the effective immune response of humans, particularly raising concerns regarding people exposed to the COVID-19 virus. Based on a literature review, metals, plastic components, plasticizers, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances may display the potential to exacerbate COVID-19 respiratory symptoms, although epidemiological studies are still required to confirm the synergistic effects between these pollutants and the virus.
Keywords
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2
Immune response
Cytokines
PFAS, Plastic components and plasticizers
Metals
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