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EARLY TRANSMISSION OF SARS-COV-2 IN SOUTH AFRICA: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND PHYLOGENETIC REPORT
Giandhari, Jennifer et al. | Date Issued: 2020
Author
Giandhari, Jennifer
Pillay, Sureshnee
Wilkinson, Eduan
Tegally, Houriiyah
Sinayskiy, Ilya
Schuld, Maria
Lourenço, José
Chimukangara, Benjamin
Lessells, Richard
Moosa, Yunus
Gazy, Inbal
Fish, Maryam
Singh, Lavanya
Khanyile, Khulekani Sedwell
Fonseca, Vagner de Souza
Giovanetti, Marta
Alcantara, Luiz Carlos Júnior
Petruccione, Francesco
Oliveira, Túlio de Paiva Nazareth Andrade de
Affilliation
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Chemistry and Physics. Quantum Research Group. Durban, South Africa / National Institute for Theoretical Physics. KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Chemistry and Physics. Quantum Research Group. Durban, South Africa.
University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, United Kingdom.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, United Kingdom.
University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, United Kingdom.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Chemistry and Physics. Quantum Research Group. Durban, South Africa / National Institute for Theoretical Physics. KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences. KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / Centre for the Aids Programme of Research in South Africa. Durban, South Africa / University of Washington. Department of Global Health. Seatle, WA, USA.
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate introduction and understand the early transmission dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 in South-Africa, we formed the Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGSSA). Design: Here, we present the first results of this effort, which is a molecular epidemiological study of the first twenty-one SARS-CoV-2 whole genomes sampled in the first port of entry, KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), during the first month of the epidemic. By combining this with calculations of the effective reproduction number (R), we aim to shed light on the patterns of infections in South Africa. Results: Two of the largest provinces, Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal, had a slow growth rate on the number of detected cases, while in Western Cape and Eastern Cape the epidemic is spreading fast. Our estimates of transmission potential suggest a decrease towards R=1 since the first cases and deaths but a subsequent estimated R average of 1.39 between 6-18th of May 2020. We also demonstrate that early transmission in KZN was associated with multiple international introductions and dominated by lineages B1 and B and provide evidence for locally acquired infections in a hospital in Durban within the first month of the epidemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa was very heterogeneous in its spatial dimension, with many distinct introductions of SARS-CoV2 in KZN and evidence of nosocomial transmission, which inflated early mortality in KZN. The pandemic at the local level is still developing and the objective of NGS-SA is to clarify the dynamics of the epidemic in South Africa and devise the most effective measures as the outbreak evolves.
Keywords in Portuguese
África do Sul
COVID-19
Primeiras apresentações
Consórcio nacional
Genoma
Número reprodutivo
Filogenética
Epidemiologia molecular
 
Keywords
South Africa
COVID-19
First introductions
National consortium
Genomics
Reproductive number
Phylogenetics
Molecular epidemiology
 
Publisher
Elsevier
Later version
https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/45822
Citation
GIANDHARI, Jennifer et al. Early transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in South Africa: an epidemiological and phylogenetic report. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, p. 1-30, 13 Nov. 2020.
DOI
10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.128
ISSN
1201-9712
Notes
Produção científica do Laboratório de Flavivírus (vigente até jan/2023).