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A NOVEL SPOROTHRIX BRASILIENSIS GENOMIC VARIANT IN MIDWESTERN BRAZIL: EVIDENCE FOR AN OLDER AND WIDER SPOROTRICHOSIS EPIDEMIC
Eudes Filho, João et al. | Date Issued: 2020
Author
Eudes Filho, João
Santos, Isabele Barbieri dos
Reis, Carmélia Matos Santiago
Patané, José Salvatore Leister
Paredes, Verenice
Bernardes, João Paulo Romualdo Alarcão
Poggiani, Sabrina Dos Santos Costa
Castro, Talita de Cássia Borges
Gomez, Oscar Mauricio
Pereira, Sandro Antonio
Schubach, Edvar Yuri Pacheco
Gomes, Kamila Peres
Mavengere, Heidi
Alves, Lucas Gomes de Brito
Lucas, Joaquim
Paes, Hugo Costa
Albuquerque, Patrícia
Cruz, Laurício Monteiro
McEwen, Juan G.
Stajich, Jason E.
Almeida-Paes, Rodrigo
Zancopé-Oliveira, Rosely Maria
Matute, Daniel R.
Barker, Bridget M.
Felipe, Maria Sueli Soares
Teixeira, Marcus de Melo
Nicola, André Moraes
Affilliation
Catholic University of Brasília. Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
University Hospital of Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Butantan Institute. Laboratório Especial de Ciclo Celular. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
University of Brasília. Faculty of Medicine. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
University of Brasília. Faculty of Medicine. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
University of Brasília. Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
University of Brasília. Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas. Cellular & Molecular Biology Unit. Medellín, Colombia.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Ministry of Health. Coordination of Public Health Laboratories. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
University of Brasília. Faculty of Medicine. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
University of North Carolina. Department of Biology. Chapel Hill, USA.
University of Brasília. Faculty of Medicine. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Catholic University of Brasília. Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
University of Brasília. Faculty of Medicine. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
University of Brasília. Faculty of Ceilândia. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Federal District Health Secretariat. Office of Environmental Surveillance of Zoonoses. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas. Cellular & Molecular Biology Unit. Medellín, Colombia.
University of California. Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology. Riverside, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
University of North Carolina. Department of Biology. Chapel Hill, USA.
Northern Arizona University. Pathogen and Microbiome Institute. Flagstaff, USA.
Catholic University of Brasília. Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. Brasília, DF, Brazil / University of Brasília. Institute of Biological Sciences. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Catholic University of Brasília. Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. Brasília, DF, Brazil / University of Brasília. Faculty of Medicine. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Catholic University of Brasília. Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology. Brasília, DF, Brazil / University of Brasília. Faculty of Medicine. Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by fungi from the genus Sporothrix. It is transmitted by inoculation of infective particles found in plant-contaminated material or diseased animals, characterizing the classic sapronotic and emerging zoonotic transmission, respectively. Since 1998, southeastern Brazil has experienced a zoonotic sporotrichosis epidemic caused by S. brasiliensis, centred in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Our observation of feline sporotrichosis cases in Brasília (Midwestern Brazil), around 900 km away from Rio de Janeiro, led us to question whether the epidemic caused by S. brasiliensis has spread from the epicentre in Rio de Janeiro, emerged independently in the two locations, or if the disease has been present and unrecognized in Midwestern Brazil. A retrospective analysis of 91 human and 4 animal cases from Brasília, ranging from 1993 to 2018, suggests the occurrence of both sapronotic and zoonotic transmission. Molecular typing of the calmodulin locus identified S. schenckii as the agent in two animals and all seven human patients from which we were able to recover clinical isolates. In two other animals, the disease was caused by S. brasiliensis. Whole-genome sequence typing of seven Sporothrix spp. strains from Brasília and Rio de Janeiro suggests that S. brasiliensis isolates from Brasília are genetically distinct from those obtained at the epicentre of the outbreak in Rio de Janeiro, both in phylogenomic and population genomic analyses. The two S. brasiliensis populations seem to have separated between 2.2 and 3.1 million years ago, indicating independent outbreaks or that the zoonotic S. brasiliensis outbreak might have started earlier and be more widespread in South America than previously recognized.
Keywords
Sporothrix
Sporothrix brasiliensis
Sporothrix schenckii
Brasília
Sporotrichosis
Zoonotic transmission
 
Publisher
Taylor & Francis
Citation
EUDES FILHO, João et al. A novel Sporothrix brasiliensis genomic variant in Midwestern Brazil: evidence for an older and wider sporotrichosis epidemic. Emerging Microbes & Infections, v. 9, n. 1, p. 2515-2525, Dec. 2020.
DOI
10.1080/22221751.2020.1847001
ISSN
2222-1751