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URGENT NEED FOR A NON-DISCRIMINATORY AND NON-STIGMATIZING NOMENCLATURE FOR MONKEYPOX VIRUS
Author
Happi, Christian
Adetifa, Ifedayo
Mbala, Placide
Njouom, Richard
Nakoune, Emmanuel
Happi, Anise
Ndodo, Nnaemeka
Ayansola, Oyeronke
Mboowa, Gerald
Bedford, Trevor
Neher, Richard A.
Roemer, Cornelius
Hodcroft, Emma
Tegally, Houriiyah
O’Toole, Áine
Rambaut, Andrew
Pybus, Oliver
Kraemer, Moritz U. G.
Wilkinson, Eduan
Isidro, Joana
Borges, Vítor
Pinto, Miguel
Gomes, João Paulo
Freitas, Lucas
Resende, Paola C.
Lee, Raphael T. C.
Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian
Baxter, Cheryl
Lessells, Richard
Ogwell, Ahmed E.
Kebede, Yenew
Tessema, Sofonias K.
Oliveira, Tulio de
Adetifa, Ifedayo
Mbala, Placide
Njouom, Richard
Nakoune, Emmanuel
Happi, Anise
Ndodo, Nnaemeka
Ayansola, Oyeronke
Mboowa, Gerald
Bedford, Trevor
Neher, Richard A.
Roemer, Cornelius
Hodcroft, Emma
Tegally, Houriiyah
O’Toole, Áine
Rambaut, Andrew
Pybus, Oliver
Kraemer, Moritz U. G.
Wilkinson, Eduan
Isidro, Joana
Borges, Vítor
Pinto, Miguel
Gomes, João Paulo
Freitas, Lucas
Resende, Paola C.
Lee, Raphael T. C.
Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian
Baxter, Cheryl
Lessells, Richard
Ogwell, Ahmed E.
Kebede, Yenew
Tessema, Sofonias K.
Oliveira, Tulio de
Affilliation
Redeemer's University. African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases. Ede, Osun State, Nigeria / Redeemer's University. Faculty of Natural Sciences. Department of Biological Sciences. Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. Abuja, Nigeria.
Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale. Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo / University of Kinshasa. Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Centre Pasteur of Cameroon. Virology Unit. Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Institut Pasteur Bangui. Bangui, Central African Republic.
Redeemer's University. African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases. Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. Abuja, Nigeria.
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. Abuja, Nigeria.
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, WA, USA / Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Seattle, WA, USA.
University of Basel. Biozentrum. Basel, Switzerland / Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Basel. Biozentrum. Basel, Switzerland / Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Lausanne, Switzerland.
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Lausanne, Switzerland / University of Bern. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine. Bern, Switzerland / University of Geneva. Hôpitaux Universitaires Genève. Geneva Center of Emerging Viral Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine. KwaZuluNatal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / Stellenbosch University. School of Data Science and Computational Thinking. Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI). Stellenbosch, South Africa.
University of Edinburgh. Institute of Ecology and Evolution. Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
University of Edinburgh. Institute of Ecology and Evolution. Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, United Kingdom / University of Oxford. Pandemic Sciences Institute. Oxford, United Kingdom / Royal Veterinary College. Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences. London, United Kingdom.
University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, United Kingdom / University of Oxford. Pandemic Sciences Institute. Oxford, United Kingdom.
Stellenbosch University. School of Data Science and Computational Thinking. Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation. Stellenbosch, South Africa.
National Institute of Health. Department of Infectious Diseases. Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit. Lisbon, Portugal.
National Institute of Health. Department of Infectious Diseases. Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit. Lisbon, Portugal.
National Institute of Health. Department of Infectious Diseases. Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit. Lisbon, Portugal.
National Institute of Health. Department of Infectious Diseases. Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit. Lisbon, Portugal / Lusófona University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Lisbon, Portugal.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Bioinformatics Institute Labs A*STAR. Singapore, Singapore.
National University of Singapore. YLL School of Medicine. Department of Biological Sciences. Singapore, Singapore.
Stellenbosch University. School of Data Science and Computational Thinking. Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation. Stellenbosch, South Africa / Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine. KwaZuluNatal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa. Durban, South Africa.
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine. KwaZuluNatal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / Stellenbosch University. School of Data Science and Computational Thinking. Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation. Stellenbosch, South Africa / Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa. Durban, South Africa / University of Washington. Department of Global Health. Seattle, WA, USA.
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. Abuja, Nigeria.
Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale. Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo / University of Kinshasa. Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Centre Pasteur of Cameroon. Virology Unit. Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Institut Pasteur Bangui. Bangui, Central African Republic.
Redeemer's University. African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases. Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. Abuja, Nigeria.
Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. Abuja, Nigeria.
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division. Seattle, WA, USA / Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Seattle, WA, USA.
University of Basel. Biozentrum. Basel, Switzerland / Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Lausanne, Switzerland.
University of Basel. Biozentrum. Basel, Switzerland / Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Lausanne, Switzerland.
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Lausanne, Switzerland / University of Bern. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine. Bern, Switzerland / University of Geneva. Hôpitaux Universitaires Genève. Geneva Center of Emerging Viral Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine. KwaZuluNatal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / Stellenbosch University. School of Data Science and Computational Thinking. Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI). Stellenbosch, South Africa.
University of Edinburgh. Institute of Ecology and Evolution. Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
University of Edinburgh. Institute of Ecology and Evolution. Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, United Kingdom / University of Oxford. Pandemic Sciences Institute. Oxford, United Kingdom / Royal Veterinary College. Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences. London, United Kingdom.
University of Oxford. Department of Zoology. Oxford, United Kingdom / University of Oxford. Pandemic Sciences Institute. Oxford, United Kingdom.
Stellenbosch University. School of Data Science and Computational Thinking. Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation. Stellenbosch, South Africa.
National Institute of Health. Department of Infectious Diseases. Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit. Lisbon, Portugal.
National Institute of Health. Department of Infectious Diseases. Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit. Lisbon, Portugal.
National Institute of Health. Department of Infectious Diseases. Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit. Lisbon, Portugal.
National Institute of Health. Department of Infectious Diseases. Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit. Lisbon, Portugal / Lusófona University. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Lisbon, Portugal.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Vírus Respiratório e do Sarampo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Bioinformatics Institute Labs A*STAR. Singapore, Singapore.
National University of Singapore. YLL School of Medicine. Department of Biological Sciences. Singapore, Singapore.
Stellenbosch University. School of Data Science and Computational Thinking. Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation. Stellenbosch, South Africa / Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa. Durban, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine. KwaZuluNatal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa. Durban, South Africa.
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
University of KwaZulu-Natal. Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine. KwaZuluNatal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform. Durban, South Africa / Stellenbosch University. School of Data Science and Computational Thinking. Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation. Stellenbosch, South Africa / Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa. Durban, South Africa / University of Washington. Department of Global Health. Seattle, WA, USA.
Abstract
We propose a novel, non-discriminatory classification of monkeypox virus diversity. Together with the World Health Organization, we named three clades (I, IIa and IIb) in order of detection. Within IIb, the cause of the current global outbreak, we identified multiple lineages (A.1, A.2, A.1.1 and B.1) to support real-time genomic surveillance.
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