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PRO-INFLAMMATORY PROFILE OF CHILDREN EXPOSED TO MATERNAL CHIKUNGUNYA VIRUS INFECTION DURING THE INTRAUTERINE PERIOD: A ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP STUDY
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) vertical transmission occurs due to maternal viremia in the
prepartum. Clinical presentation in neonates can be varied; however, the consequences of intrauterine
exposure on the immune response are unclear. Thus, we aimed to analyze inflammatory alterations
in children exposed to maternal CHIKV infection. This is a cross-sectional study that included
children exposed to maternal CHIKV infection (confirmed by RT-qPCR and/or IgM). Circulant
immune mediators were analyzed by a multiplex assay. RESULTS: We included 33 children, with a
mean age of 3 2.9 months-old, and 19 (57.6%) were male. Only one child presented neurological
alterations. CHIKV-exposed infants showed elevated levels of MIP-1 , MIP-1 , and CCL-2 (p < 0.05).
Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF , IL-6, and IL-7 (p < 0.0001) were also increased. In addition,
lower levels of PDGF-BB and GM-CSF were observed in the same group (p < 0.0001). Principal
component (PC) analysis highlighted a distinction in the inflammatory profile between groups, where
PC explained 56.6% of the alterations. Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to CHIKV can
affect the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines during the infants’ first year of life. The
long-term clinical consequences of these findings should be investigated.
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