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LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS, DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY AMONG INDIVIDUALS LIVING IN CANADA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Simjanoski, Mario et al. | Date Issued: 2022
Author
Simjanoski, Mario
de Azevedo Cardoso, Taiane
Wollenhaupt-Aguiar, Bianca
Pfaffenseller, Bianca
De Boni, Raquel B.
Balanzá-Martínez, Vicent
Frey, Benicio N.
Minuzzi, Luciano
Kapczinski, Flavio
Affilliation
McMaster University. Neuroscience Graduate Program. Hamilton, Canada / McMaster University. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences. Hamilton, ON, Canada.
McMaster University. Neuroscience Graduate Program. Hamilton, Canada / McMaster University. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences. Hamilton, ON, Canada.
McMaster University. Neuroscience Graduate Program. Hamilton, Canada / McMaster University. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences. Hamilton, ON, Canada.
McMaster University. Neuroscience Graduate Program. Hamilton, Canada / McMaster University. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences. Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Institute of Scientific and Technological Communication and Information in Health. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
University of Valencia. Department of Medicine. Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
McMaster University. Neuroscience Graduate Program. Hamilton, Canada / McMaster University. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences. Hamilton, ON, Canada / St. Joseph’s Healthcare. Women’s Health Concerns Clinic and Mood Disorders Program. Hamilton, ON, Canada.
McMaster University. Neuroscience Graduate Program. Hamilton, Canada / McMaster University. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences. Hamilton, ON, Canada.
McMaster University. Neuroscience Graduate Program. Hamilton, ON, Canada / McMaster University. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences. Hamilton, ON, Canada / Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina. Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the association between lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada. A web survey was conducted between July 3–August 3, 2020, across Canada. The main outcomes considered were a positive screening for depression, as evaluated by the PHQ-2 and positive screening for anxiety, as evaluated by the GAD-7. Lifestyle behaviors were assessed using the Short Multidimensional Lifestyle Inventory Evaluation—Confinement (SMILE-C), an instrument adapted for lifestyle behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The total sample size included 404 participants, of which 24.3% had a positive screen for depression, 20.5% for anxiety, and 15.5% for both. We found significant differences in SMILE-C scores between individuals with a positive and individuals with a negative screen for depression (P <.001). Likewise, there were significant differences in SMILE-C scores between individuals with a positive and individuals with a negative screen for anxiety (P <.001). We found an association between unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and symptoms of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 lockdown in Canada. The findings highlight the importance of lifestyle medicine (LM) education and targeted lifestyle interventions to promote healthy behaviors and help reduce the burden of mental disorders.
Keywords
COVID-19
Lifestyle medicine
Lockdown
Mental health
North America
Pandemic
Short multidimensional lifestyle inventory evaluation—confinement
 
Publisher
SAGE Publications Inc.
Citation
SIMJANOSKI, Mario et al. Lifestyle Behaviors, Depression, and Anxiety Among Individuals Living in Canada During the COVID-19 Pandemic. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, v. 17, n. 2, p. 181-193, May 2022.
DOI
10.1177/15598276221102097