Urbanization is a process that affects several relevant factors such as biodiversity, basic sanitation, and socioeconomic aspects favoring Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) occurrence. Following the progression of urbanization, the VL vector's habitat has been gradually adapted to a new environment. In this process, dogs became Leishmania infantum main reservoir in urban areas, therefore being important for Public Health concerns. The higher prevalence of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) leads to an increase in human disease. The association between urbanization and appearance as well as development of diseases such as VL and CVL is closely related to the unplanned and disordered urbanization process. We aimed to evaluate possible associations between CVL distribution, environmental and socioeconomic changes concerning urbanization in Camaçari – BA, Brazil in a period of two years. The spatial and epidemiological data used were gathered from two previous epidemiological studies, conducted in different periods: period 1 from 2011 to 2012, analyzing 91 dogs (37 positive and 54 negative cases for CVL), and period 2 from 2014 to 2015, analyzing 463 dogs (288 positives and 175 negatives). Spatial analysis of CVL cases, Lutzomyia longipalpis capture sites, and urbanization data were performed. Additionally, epidemiological data were analyzed in both periods using data from surveys conducted with animal owners. Domestic and sociodemographic characteristics of households were evaluated. Results showed a augmentation of 21.5% (p<0.05) in CVL frequency between the periods analyzed (40.7% in period 1 and 62.2% in period 2). Over periods 1 and 2, it was possible to identify, among domestic characteristics of the households, a lower frequency of chickens' coops (from 56.3% to 34.5%) (p<0.05). In the sociodemographic characteristics, it was possible to identify an increase in the number of households that receive government incentives (from 20.7% to 38.8%) (p<0.05). Although the data are still preliminary, our results show that there has been an increase in CVL cases over the two periods and that there was a possible decrease in socioeconomic conditions of the residents from Camaçari, which may be related to the CVL spreading. Our work will help to identify areas at higher risk of VL and CVL dissemination, providing a better comprehension of the relationship between the urbanization process and the disease in order to perform more specific and efficient interventions.