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FIBROSE CARDÍACA E CANAIS VIÁVEIS DE MIOCÁRDIO IDENTIFICADOS PELA RESSONÂNCIA MAGNÉTICA E SUA CORRELAÇÃO COM MUDANÇAS EVOLUTIVAS DA FUNÇÃO VENTRICULAR ESQUERDA E EVENTOS CARDIOVASCULARES EM PACIENTES COM CARDIOPATIA CHAGÁSICA CRÔNICA
Santos, João Bosco de Figueiredo | Date Issued:
2021
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Abstract in Portuguese
Fundamento: Áreas de cicatriz miocárdica estão relacionadas à arritmogênese, insuficiência cardíaca e a morbimortalidade da doença de Chagas. O emprego da Ressonância Magnética Cardíaca de Alta Resolução (RMCAR) pós-processada tridimensional poderá facilitar a ablação por cateter das arritmias cardíacas. Objetivos: Geral: Analisar a estrutura 3D da cicatriz miocárdica e o corredor de músculo viável (ZMV) em pacientes com cardiopatia chagásica crônica (CCC) por meio de imagens de RMCAR após o processamento com novo programa computacional gráfico.Específicos: 1: Avaliar retrospectivamente pela RMCAR se o grau de fibrose se correlaciona com piora evolutiva da função do VE 2: Demonstrar a presença, quantidade e localização de corredores de ZMV usando a RMCAR e o novo programa computacional gráfico no modo 3D; 3.Correlacionar a cicatriz, os corredores de ZMV com eventos clínicos nos pacientes com CCC.Para o objetivo 1, vinte pacientes realizaram duas RMCAR com intervalo de 4 a 6 anos. A variação do tamanho cavitário e função ventricular entre a primeira e a segunda RMCAR foram comparados de forma retrospectiva com o grau de fibrose achado na primeira RMCAR. Para os objetivos 2 e 3, foram estudados de modo transversal um grupo de 22 pacientes com CCC classificados nos estágios A (n=8), B (n=12) ou C (n=2). Estes pacientes realizaram a RMCAR no Brasil, com pós-processamento off-line realizado na Espanha Artigo 1- Pacientes foram classificados como: A (n=13) e B1 (n=7). O tempo médio entre os exames de RMCAR foi 5,4±0,5 anos. Na primeira RMCAR, a FE VE foi 61±9% e a fibrose do VE foi 12,6±7,9%. A segunda RMCAR revelou aumento da fibrose do VE para 18,0±14,1% (P=0,02). A massa da fibrose cardíaca na primeira RMCAR foi associada a queda evolutiva em mais de 5 pontos absolutos da FE do VE (P=0,03). Artigo 2- A massa de fibrose em % da massa do VE foi 20,1±14,8%. Foram identificados 44 ZMV (2,0±1,8 por paciente). A massa média dos ZMVs era 3,7±5,3 g e sua extensão média em camadas era 3,6±4,4 camadas. A maioria dos ZMVs foi identificada no mesocárdio (n=28; 63,6%), seguida pelo subendocárdio (n=6; 13,6%). Cinco pacientes tiveram morte súbita e dois implantaram um desfibrilador durante o período de seguimento de 4,9±1,6 anos. A extensão dos ZMVs em camadas foi associada com a ocorrência do evento clínico combinado independente da fração de ejeção e da massa de fibrose do VE. Conclusão: A fibrose tem aspecto progressivo e se correlaciona com piora da função sistólica do VE . A morfologia dos ZMVs e sua associação com eventos clínicos demonstradas nesta Tese apontam para a necessidade de mais estudos nesta área
Abstract
Background: Areas of myocardium scar are related with arrythmias, heart failure and morbimortality in Chagas disease. The use of High Resolution Cardiac Magnetic Ressonance (RMCAR) 3D post- processed can facilitate the catheter ablation of cardiac arrythmias. Beyond this, the scar and its size can predict the progression of chagasic cardiomyopathy.Objectives: General: To a nalyze the 3D structure of myocardium scar and the border zone (BZ) channels in patients with chronic chagasic cardiopathy (CCC) by means of RMCAR images with post-processing us i ng a new computational graphic software.Specifics: 1: To evaluate retrospectively using RMCAR if the fibrosis degree correlates with the worsening of left ventricle (LV) function in Chagas disease; 2: to demonstrate the presence, quantity and localization of BZ channels in patients with CCC using RMCAR and the new computational graphic software in 3D mode; 3: to correlate the scar and the BZ channels with clinical events (death or internal cardiac defibrilator implantation) in patients with Chagas disease. Methodology: For the objective 1, 20 patients had already performed RMCAR 4 t o 6 years ago. The evolutive changes in LV size and function between the first and the last RMCAR were compared to the grade of fibrosis found in the first RMCAR. For the objectives 2 a nd 3, we studied a group of 22 patients with CCC (stage A – n=8; stage B – n=12; stage C n=2). These patients underwent high resolution RMCAR in Brazil with off-line post-processing in Spain. The presence and number of ZMVs were correlated with the occurrence of clinical events. Results: Article 1-Patients were classified as follows: A (n=13; changes typical of CHD in the electrocardiogram and normal global and segmental LV systolic function) and B1 (n=7; LV wall motion abnormality and EF≥45%) The time between cardiac MRI studies was 5.4±0.5 years. At the first MRI, LV EF was 61±9%and LV fibrosis (in% LV mass) was 12.6±7.9%. Fibrosis pattern was classified as focal in 13 patients (65%) and transmural in 7 patients (35%). The second MRI revealed an increase in LV fibrosis to 18.0±14.1% (P=0.02). Cardiac fibrosis mass at the first cardiac MRI was associated with decrease in more than 5 absolute points in LV ejection fraction (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.03-2.13, P=0.03). LV fibrosis mass was larger and increased between MRI studies in the group that presented decrease in LV EF between MRI studies.Article 2 – The mean LV cardiac fibrosis mass in % of LV mass was 20.1±14.8%. A total of 44 BZ channels (2.0±1.8 per patient) were identified. The mean BZ channel mass was 3.7±5.3 g and the mean extension in layers was 3.6±4.4 layers. Most BZ channels were identified in the midwall (n=28; 63.6%), followed by subendocardium location (n=6; 13.6%). Five patients died and two patients underwent an internal cardiac defibrilator implantation during a mean follow-up of 4.9±1.6 years. BZ channel extension in layers was associated to the studied end-point independent from LV ejection fraction and LV fibrosis mass.Conclusion: Even among patients at an initial stage of CHD, myocardial fibrosis increases over time and the LV fibrosis at baseline is associated with decrease over time in LV systolic function. The morphology of the BZ channels and their association with clinical events demonstrated are an important evidence that further studies are needed in this area
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