Leishmaniasis is a complex disease that depends on both the parasite and the host's immune response, but there is not yet an established immunological profile pre-treatment for disease cure. Evaluating a patient's immune status is critical for determining therapy success and discovering new treatments and vaccines. However, the tools used to monitor the immune response are invasive and cross-sectional. The swab, a tool widely used for diagnosing and tracking different viral and bacterial infections, could be a promising alternative. It is easy to collect, non-invasive, low-cost, and allows for longitudinal studies to assess the in-situ immune response in individuals infected with leishmaniasis. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the swab as a tool for longitudinal assessment of the immune response and healing of the leishmaniasis lesion. For this, LCL patients (n=8) were recruited from a referral clinic in Jiquiriçá, an endemic area of Bahia. The study subjects had not started treatment and had a single lesion. Swabs of the lesions were collected from all patients upon admission and weekly until total healing. The first sample from each patient was taken before treatment. To assess the gene expression of chemokines and cytokines in the lesion swab samples, RT qPCR assays were performed. Results showed an initial immune activation in the LCL patients' lesions, evidenced by increased expression of CCL2, CXCL10, IL-6, TNF, IL-23A, IL-1β, and TINP1, which was modulated longitudinally and reduced during lesion resolution. These results suggest that the swab could be a promising tool to assess the in-situ immune response in LCL patients, allowing for longitudinal monitoring of disease progression and host immune response.