Urbanization is a process that affects several relevant factors for Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Due to this influence, characteristics of the disease were gradually adapted to a new reality, following the progression of the urbanization process, turning the dog into the main reservoir of the disease in urban areas. The increase in the number of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) cases results in an increase in human cases. The association of the urbanization process with the increase of several types of diseases such as VL and CVL, is closely related to the implementation of a disorderly and unplanned urbanization. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate associations between environmental and socioeconomic changes related to urbanization in Camaçari - BA with the distribution of CVL cases from 2011 to 2015. This is a cross-sectional study based on demographic census data and data collected from studies performed during 2011-2012 and 2014-2015. Spatial analyses were performed producing kernel maps, implementing buffers at the capture sites of sandflies and classifying areas according to urbanization. It was possible to identify a significant increase in the frequency of positive cases of CVL between periods 1 (46.02%) and 2 (62.34%) (p =0.0018). It was possible to identify areas of agglomeration in both studies. In both periods, it was possible to notice positive cases within buffers, with 75% of positive dogs in period 1 and 72.5% in period 2. It was possible to identify a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the percentage of urbanization between periods. Also, there was an increase in the percentage of households receiving government incentives. There was association between occurrence of CVL and variables such as presence of garbage associated with 1.35 times increase in prevalence, presence of open sewage with 0.54 times and localization in an urban area with 1.31 times. Characteristics related to the increase of prevalence of CVL were identified, such as location in an urban area and presence of accumulated garbage. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the occurrence of the disease and garbage collection and water supply, signs of urbanization of areas. The results of this study demonstrated that there was an increase in urbanization that was directly associated with the increase in prevalence of CVL between periods. And, in the presence of the vector, L. longipalpis, since several elements that influence the increase in vector density are linked to the urbanization process. In this study, it was possible to identify that CVL is associated with factors inherent to urbanization, such as presence of garbage and open sewage. The increased prevalence of LVC that occurred between periods demonstrates the great importance of the disease and its constant growth, alerting to its potential risk for the canine and human population, mainly in areas that are in a process of urbanization.