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https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/64870
ANTI-SALIVA ANTIBODY PRODUCTION IN NAIVE DOGS EXPOSED TO UNINFECTED LUTZOMYIA LONGIPALPIS BITES
Author
Affilliation
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Interação Parasita-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Veterinária. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Veterinária. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Interação Parasita-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Veterinária. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Rockville, MD, United States.
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Rockville, MD, United States.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Interação Parasita-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Veterinária. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Interação Parasita-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Veterinária. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Veterinária. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Veterinária. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Interação Parasita-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Veterinária. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Rockville, MD, United States.
Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Rockville, MD, United States.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Interação Parasita-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Veterinária. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Laboratório de Interação Parasita-Hospedeiro e Epidemiologia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Veterinária. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted to dogs and humans by sandflies. In Brazil, Lutzomyia longipalpis is the primary vector of this disease. When feeding, infected sandflies inoculate metacyclic promastigote forms of Leishmania and their saliva and other components. Anti-saliva antibodies were associated with increased VL severity in naturally infected dogs. Anti-sandfly saliva antibodies could also represent an essential epidemiological tool to assess vector exposure in endemic areas. LJM11 and LJM17 recombinant proteins are present in the vector's saliva and have already been used for this purpose. Our goal was to follow up anti-saliva
antibodies (LJM11 and LJM17) production in naïve dogs experimentally exposed to Lu. longipalpis sandflies. We also assessed the persistence of anti-saliva antibodies titers for one year and after re-exposure to the sandfly vectors. Blood samples from the dogs were collected weekly to assess the production of anti-LJM11 and LJM17 IgG by ELISA. Six healthy naïve dogs were exposed weekly to 35 Lu. longipalpis female sandflies until at least 80% of the female were fed. Dogs were exposed to the sandflies until anti-saliva antibody production reached a plateau and remained elevated for at least three consecutive weeks. Afterward, we ceased sandflies exposures; we followed the dogs weekly until animals tested negative for anti-saliva antibodies for three consecutive weeks. Then, we re-exposed the dogs to the sandflies and evaluated the time period it took for the animals to resume anti-saliva antibody production. The Reactivity Index (RI) was calculated by dividing the optical density over the cut-off point obtained in each ELISA plate to compare antibody production. Soon after the first exposures, there was an immediate increase in the production of anti-saliva antibodies (between the first and third week). On the twenty-eighth day after the first exposure (with a median of 10.5 days), all six animals showed detectable anti-saliva IgG titers. Dogs were exposed to sandflies for
six to nine weeks (with a median of 52.5 days). After the initial rising of anti-saliva antibody production post-exposure, anti-saliva antibody titers fluctuated, remaining detectable over a year. We found a statistically significant difference before exposure and five weeks after the exposure (p<0,05). Despite the variations in titration, four dogs remained positive for 41 weeks (290 days) on average, two animals are still positive after 460 days. After the first week of re-exposure, dogs that were re-exposed demonstrated antibody titers rising significantly. Throughout the evaluation, there was a considerable variation in antibody production among the six animals, especially concerning the time of seroconversion, time to reach the plateau, and titer decay. Although we observed differences among the animals, we can detect a similar pattern during the follow-up. Currently, studies evaluating the cellular immune response of these animals are being carried out.
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