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https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/68081
VALIDATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE OF OLFACTORY DISORDERS (QOD)FOR THE BRAZILIAN POPULATION
Author
Bernardino, Amanda Beatriz Costa da Silva
Barreto Filho, Márcio Andrade
Pompeu, Amanda Savieto
Andrade, Jaqueline dos Santos
Azevedo, Amanda Canário Andrade
Brasil, Michelle Queiroz Aguiar
Cedro, Mariana
Araújo, Cintia
Andrade, Nilvano
Akrami, Kevan
Scussiatto, Henrique Ochoa
Boaventura, Viviane Sampaio
Fornazieri, Marco Aurélio
Barreto Filho, Márcio Andrade
Pompeu, Amanda Savieto
Andrade, Jaqueline dos Santos
Azevedo, Amanda Canário Andrade
Brasil, Michelle Queiroz Aguiar
Cedro, Mariana
Araújo, Cintia
Andrade, Nilvano
Akrami, Kevan
Scussiatto, Henrique Ochoa
Boaventura, Viviane Sampaio
Fornazieri, Marco Aurélio
Affilliation
Universidade de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Londrina, PR, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Londrina, PR, Brasil.
Universidade de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Londrina, PR, Brasil.
Seção de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Santa Izabel. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Seção de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Santa Izabel. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Seção de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Santa Izabel. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
University of California. Division of Infectious Disease. Department of Medicine. San Diego, California, USA.
Department of Surgery. University of Illinois. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Londrina, PR, Brasil / Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Londrina, PA, Brasil / Smell and Taste Center. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Londrina, PR, Brasil.
Universidade de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Londrina, PR, Brasil.
Seção de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Santa Izabel. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Seção de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Santa Izabel. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Seção de Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital Santa Izabel. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
University of California. Division of Infectious Disease. Department of Medicine. San Diego, California, USA.
Department of Surgery. University of Illinois. Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Universidade de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Londrina, PR, Brasil / Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Londrina, PA, Brasil / Smell and Taste Center. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Perelman School of Medicine. University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract
Background: The incidence of olfactory disorders has increased in recent years, mainly related to COVID-19 infection. In Brazil, over 37 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported, and approximately 10 % of those cases continue to experience olfactory disorders for more than one month. Despite the significant negative impact on well-being, there is currently no validated instrument to assess how olfactory disorders impact the quality of life in Brazil. Objectives: This study aimed to validate the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD) for Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: The authors first performed translation, back-translation, expert review, pre-testing, psychometric evaluation and cultural adaptation of the English version of the questionnaire. To assure linguistic and conceptual equivalence of the translated questionnaire, 126 participants from two Brazilian states and varying degrees of olfactory loss answered the QOD and the World Health Organization Quality of Life bref (WHOQOL-bref) questionnaires. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®) was used to quantify the olfactory loss. Furthermore, to evaluate the reliability of the Portuguese version a test-retest was performed on a subgroup of patients. The authors observed a high Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.86) for internal consistency of the quality of Life (QOD-QOL) statements. Findings: As expected, there was a negative correlation between QOD-QOL and UPSIT® (Spearman's ρ = -0.275, p = 0.002), since QOL score increases and UPSIT® score decreases with worsening of olfactory function. Correlations were moderate between QOD-QOL and WHOQOL-bref mean (Spearman's ρ = -0.374, p < 0.001) and weak to moderate between the QOD-QOL and Visual Analog Scale of the QOD regarding professional life, leisure, and private life (Spearman's ρ = -0.316, p = 0.000; Spearman's ρ = -0.293, p = 0.001; Spearman's ρ = -0.261, p = 0.004; respectively). Conclusion: In conclusion, the authors have demonstrated a high internal consistency and validity of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the QOD for evaluating the quality of life in individuals with olfactory disorders.
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