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THE ENDLESS RACE BETWEEN TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI AND HOST IMMUNITY: LESSONS FOR AND BEYOND CHAGAS DISEASE
Chagas Disease/physiopathology
Disease Susceptibility
Host-Parasite interactions/immunology
Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology
Author
Affilliation
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Immunopatologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
University of Massachusetts Medical School. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Worcester, MA, USA.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
University of Massachusetts Medical School. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Worcester, MA, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Immunopatologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Immunopatologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil/ University of Massachusetts Medical School. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Worcester, MA, USA.
University of Massachusetts Medical School. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Worcester, MA, USA.
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
University of Massachusetts Medical School. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Worcester, MA, USA.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Immunopatologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia Gênica. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Immunopatologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil/ University of Massachusetts Medical School. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Worcester, MA, USA.
Abstract
Infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, is characterised by a variable clinical course–from symptomless cases to severe chronic disease with cardiac and/or gastrointestinal involvement. The variability in disease outcome has been attributed to host responses as well as parasite heterogeneity. In this article, wereview studies indicating the importance of immune responses as key determinants of host resistance to T. cruzi infection and the pathogenesis of Chagas disease. Particular attention is given to recent studies defining the role of cognate innate immune receptors and immunodominant CD8 + Tcells that recognise parasite components–both crucial for host–parasite interaction and disease outcome. In light of these studies we speculate about parasite strategies that induce a strong and long-lasting T-cell-mediated immunity but at the same time allow persistence of the parasite in the vertebrate host. We also discuss what we have learned from these studies for increasing our understanding of Chagas pathogenesis and for the design of new strategies to prevent the development of Chagas disease. Finally, we highlight recent studies employing a genetically engineered attenuated T. cruzi strain as a vaccine shuttle that elicits potent T cell responses specific to a tumour antigen and protective immunity against a syngeneic melanoma cell line
Keywords
Chagas Disease/immunologyChagas Disease/physiopathology
Disease Susceptibility
Host-Parasite interactions/immunology
Trypanosoma cruzi/immunology
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