Rapid urbanization and migration in Latin America have intensifed exposure to insect-borne diseases. Malaria, Chagas disease, yellow fever, and leishmaniasis have historically aficted the region, while dengue, chikungunya, and Zika have been described and expanded more recently. The increased presence of synanthropic vector species and spread into previously unafected areas due to urbanization and climate warming have intensifed pathogen transmission risks. This review examines recent outbreaks and reemergence of insect-borne diseases through fve case studies: (i) malaria transmission linked to political instability and large-scale migration through the Amazon jungle; (ii) the expan‑ sion of triatomine bug habitats into overcrowded, substandard urban settlements, increasing Chagas disease incidence; (iii) the infuence of movement and ecotourism in the Amazonia on yellow fever transmission in peri-urban areas; (iv) the spread of visceral leishmaniasis driven by deforestation and human–canine movement; and (v) dengue outbreaks in rural Amazon regions, spurred by urbanization and rural development. The fndings underscore the com‑ plex interactions among vectors, pathogens, and shifting environmental and social conditions, complicating predictability and control. Addressing the social, economic, and political determinants of health is crucial to reducing disease transmission. Key measures include scaling vaccine coverage, especially for dengue and yellow fever; developing vaccines and treatments for neglected diseases; improving housing and sanitation; strengthening vector surveillance and control; fostering community engagement; enhancing data-driven interventions.