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AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN HOOKWORM INFECTION, ANAEMIA AND IRON DEFICIENCY IN AN AREA OF HIGH NECATOR AMERICANUS HOOKWORM TRANSMISSION IN SOUTH-EASTERN BRAZIL
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Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London, UK
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
School of Biology. University of Leeds. Leeds LS2 9JT. UKd Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine. The George Washington University. Washington DC, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil/Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine. The George Washington University. Washington DC, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London, UK
Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine. The George Washington University. Washington DC, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London, UK
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil/Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine. The George Washington University. Washington DC, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
School of Biology. University of Leeds. Leeds LS2 9JT. UKd Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine. The George Washington University. Washington DC, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil/Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine. The George Washington University. Washington DC, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London, UK
Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine. The George Washington University. Washington DC, USA
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. London, UK
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil/Department of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine. The George Washington University. Washington DC, USA
Abstract
Surprisingly few detailed age-stratified data exist on the epidemiology of hookworm and iron status, especially in Latin America. We present data from a cross-sectional. survey examining 1332 individuals aged 0-86 years from a community in south-east Brazil for hookworm, anaemia and iron deficiency. Sixty-eight percent of individuals were infected with the human hookworm Necator americanus. The force of infection (lambda = 0.354) was similar to estimates from other areas of high hookworm transmission. Individuals from poorer households had significantly higher prevalence and intensity of infection than individuals from better-off households. The prevalence of anaemia, iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia was 11.8%, 12.7% and 4.3%, respectively. Anaemia was most prevalent among young children and the elderly. Univariate analysis showed that haemoglobin and serum ferritin were both significantly negatively associated with hookworm intensity among both school-aged children and adults. Multivariate analysis showed that, after controlling for socio-economic status, iron indicators were significantly associated with heavy hookworm infection. Our results indicate that, even in areas where there is a low overall prevalence of anaemia, hookworm can still have an important impact on host iron status, especially in school-aged children and the elderly. (C) 2006 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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