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POTENCIAL DE MIGRAÇÃO DE ANTIOXIDANTES DE EMBALAGEM DE POLIETILENO PARA OS ALIMENTOS E A RELAÇÃO COM A SAÚDE HUMANA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
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Polyethylene packaging's antioxidants potential migration to food and their relationship with human health: a systematic reviewAuthor
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Abstract in Portuguese
A Vigilância Sanitária procura garantir que a população tenha segurança na utilização dos produtos consumidos. A avaliação do risco à saúde humana é realizada na embalagem de polietileno devido aos aditivos inseridos na mesma e que tendem a migrar para o alimento acondicionado. Este trabalho investiga as evidências a respeito da migração de antioxidantes em embalagens de polietileno para o acondicionamento de alimentos e, se há prejuízo à saúde humana. Revisão sistemática da literatura foi conduzida para os estudos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, nas bases de dados PubMed, Taylor & Francis online, Science Direct, SciELO e Embase, sem restrição de data. Também, buscas na literatura cinzenta e pesquisas nas referências dos estudos incluídos. As palavras-chave foram: migration, diffusion, antioxidants, polyethylene packaging, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, food, food simulants, food packaging, food containers, food-contact plastics, food contact materials. Dos 480 artigos identificados, 27 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. A migração de antioxidante, reportada nos estudos, foi influenciada pelos fatores: simulantes/alimentos ricos em gordura, tempo de armazenamento, temperatura e tipo de polímero. Não sendo possível responder a questão da toxicidade dos antioxidantes através dessa busca, foi efetuada segunda pesquisa, nas mesmas bases de dados incluindo a Cochrane Library, sem restrição de data, com as palavras-chave: antioxidant, BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene, BHA, butylated hydroxyanisole, irganox 1076, toxic potential, toxicity, public health, adverse effects, poisoning. Das 194 referências, 17 foram elegíveis. O objetivo dos estudos toxicológicos é o prognóstico dos prováveis efeitos nocivos que podem surgir na população ao ser exposta a certa substância. A busca um e dois foram relacionadas e discutidas para que fosse alcançada uma conclusão a respeito dos antioxidantes e sua migração para os alimentos. Os 17 estudos avaliaram BHA e cinco o BHT. Onze apresentaram evidência toxicológica para BHA e quatro para BHT, portanto a maior parte demonstrou toxicidade para os antioxidantes, sendo desde modificações no metabolismo até ações tóxicas e apoptóticas. Em síntese, o estudo possibilitou uma revisão crítica da literatura
Abstract
Health Surveillance Agency seeks to ensure that the population is safe in using the consumed products. The assessment of potential risk to human health has been essential is the polyethylene packaging due to the use of additives inserted in its structure, which tend to migrate to the food in which it is packaged. This work aimed to investigate the evidence regarding the migration of antioxidants present in polyethylene packaging for food and verify if there is any damage to human health. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify all studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, which evaluated the migration of antioxidants in food packaging, in the electronic databases PubMed, Taylor & Francis Online, Science Direct, SciELO and Embase, without date restriction. Gray literature searches were also performed, in addition to searches in the references of the included studies. The keywords used were: migration, diffusion, antioxidants, polyethylene packaging, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, food, food simulants, food packaging, food containers, food-contact plastics, food contact materials. Among the 480 articles identified, twenty-seven met the eligibility criteria. The antioxidant migration, reported in these evaluated studies, was influenced by the following factors: simulants/high-fat foods, storage time, temperature, and type of polymer. As it was not possible to answer the question of the possible toxicity of antioxidants through the search above, a second search was carried out, in the same databases mentioned, with the inclusion of the Cochrane Library, without date restriction, using the following keywords: antioxidant, BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene, BHA, butylated hydroxyanisole, irganox 1076, toxic potential, toxicity, public health, adverse effects, poisoning. Among the 194 references found, seventeen were eligible. The main objective of toxicological studies is to predict the harmful effects that may arise in the human population when exposed to a certain substance. None of the toxicological studies addressed any type of packaging, even more, studies that contemplated toxicity while dealing with plastic packaging and migration of antioxidants were not found during the search. Therefore, searches one and two were related to each other and their results were discussed in order to reach a conclusion on antioxidants and their migration to food. All studies (17) evaluated BHA and only five evaluated BHT. Eleven studies showed toxicological evidence for BHA and four for BHT, so most demonstrated toxicity to antioxidants. The effects range from changes in metabolism to toxic and apoptotic actions. This study enabled a critical review of the literaturemg/mL tested when compared to the corresponding TCM solvent control with S9. In the CBMN assay, treatment with C. sativa extract (CBD 0.3; 0.6; 1.3; 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL) and MCT (2.5 to 20%), in the presence and absence of S9 mixture, did not induce chromosomal breaks and/or chromosome gain or loss in human lymphocytes. Therefore, it was concluded that the extract of C. sativa in TCM, in the 5 concentrations of CBD tested, was considered non-mutagenic in WHBC not inducing clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects in human lymphocytes, in the presence and absence of the S9 mixture
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