Plant-derived compound emerges as alternatives to integrated control of Aedes aegypti, the main transmitter of Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika virus. The effects of Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hill extracts on Ae. aegypti larval development were assessed. Four in vitro assays analysed the insecticidal potential (% larval mortality) of aqueous and ethanolic (EE) extracts of leaves and seeds. The extracts were analysed using UHPLC-MS/MS. By comparing to data from three databases, 12 compounds from different classes were identified in the EE, including coumarins, phenolic acids, polyphenols, and flavonoids. The EE from the leaves was the most effective, with an LC90 of 0.262 mg/mL. Morphological alterations were observed in larvae exposed to the extracts, showing epithelial walls with extravasation of intestinal contents. These findings highlight the effectiveness of M. pubescens extract as a bioinsecticidal agent against Ae. aegypti larvae.